Pattern Formation in Developing Bacterial Colonies

Shapirio博士以前的工作加强了以下观点： 细菌菌落是高度组织化、分化的结构 有特定的发展历史。与E一起工作杆菌菌株 携带各种紫胶融合元素， 关于参与的细胞和分子事件的问题 在殖民地发展过程中形成模式。 其中一些 关于细胞分化模式的问题可以 可以通过对菌落进行更详细的显微分析来回答 组织化学、免疫学和原位 杂交技术 组分的鉴别 多细胞控制系统将由标准的 分子遗传学方法（转座子诱变、克隆和 已知调节突变的测试）。更多材料 识别目前不可预测的形态发生变化， 监管系统已经成为通过外观可用 含有展示新遗传性的细菌的部门 基因表达模式、集落发育和细胞 师. 这些细菌表达的新表型可以 其特征在于将应用于 正常的殖民地，以及其中遗传变化的性质 可以通过DNA转移和克隆程序进行检查。一旦所有 这些研究已经开始提供一个更精确的画面， 群体结构及其潜在的遗传控制，它将是 可能开始调查当许多细菌 多细胞接种物中的细胞组织起来， 有规律的发展顺序 %%% 夏皮罗博士提供了一些证据， 细菌在形态上显示出一些明显的时间变化。他 提出，这可以作为一个模型，以获得信息 关于多细胞生物如何发育和分化。他 这一领域的工作是独一无二的，可能导致 研究分化的强大模型。

Previous work of Dr. Shapirio has reinforced the view of bacterial colonies as highly organized, differentiated structures with specific developmental histories. Work with E. coli strains carrying various lac fusion elements has raised detailed questions about the cellular and molecular events involved in pattern formation during colony development. Some of these questions pertaining to patterns of cellular differentiation can be answered by a more detailed microscopic analysis of colony structure using histochemical, immunological and in situ hybridization technologies. Identification of the components of multicellular control systems will be initiated by standard molecular genetic methods (transposon mutagenesis, cloning and testing of known regulatory mutations). Further material for identifying currently unpredictable changes in morphogenetic regulatory systems has become available through the appearance of sectors containing bacteria that display novel hereditary patterns of gene expression, colony development and cell division. The novel phenotypes expressed by these bacteria can be characterized by the same methods that will be applied to normal colonies, and the nature of the hereditary changes in them can be examined by DNA transfer and cloning procedures. Once all these studies have begun to provide a more precise picture of colony structure and its underlying genetic control, it will be possible to begin investigating what happens when many bacterial cells in a multicellular inoculum organize themselves to undergo a regular developmental sequence. %%% Dr. Shapiro has provided some evidence that colony development in bacteria shows some distinct temporal changes in morphology. He proposes that this can be used as a model to obtain information about how multicellular organisms develop and differentiate. His work is unique in this area and could lead to the development of powerful models for the study of differentiation.