Nucleophilic Decomposition of Disinfection Byproducts

该项目的目标是研究一种新的水处理工艺，该工艺有望在不产生已被确定为致癌有机化合物的卤代烃的情况下实现消毒效果。该项目涉及确定选定的化学亲核试剂，特别是亚硫酸盐分解致突变或致癌氯化副产物的能力，评估在亲电分解后的复氯化时形成额外氯化副产物的程度，以及确定这些卤代化合物的一些降解产物。特定化合物的鉴定和回收将通过液/液萃取和闭路反萃结合气相色谱和质谱仪来实现。这些信息将与其他地方正在进行的研究中的健康影响数据结合起来，以提供对饮用水处理亲核分解潜力的全面评估。这项研究可能导致亲核剂以脱氯剂或阴离子树脂的形式全面应用的发展。在美国，饮用水处理对公共健康的最重大贡献是氯化消毒的广泛使用。自本世纪初在美国被普遍接受以来，水传播疾病得到了有效控制，在某些情况下几乎消除了这种疾病。现在，对有机氯化副产物的担忧正威胁着许多原水不再考虑氯化。这项研究可能会产生一些概念，继续允许在不产生潜在有害副产品的情况下使用氯进行消毒。

The objective of this project is to conduct research on a novel water treatment process that offers promise in accomplishing a disinfection effect without producing halogenated hydrocarbons which have been determined to be carcinorganic. The project involves determination of the ability of selected chemical nucleophiles, especially sulfites to decompose mutagenic or carcinogenic chlorination byproducts, to evaluate the degree to which additional chlorination byproducts form upon rechlorination following electrophilic decomposition, and to identify some of the degradation products of these halogenated compounds. The identification and recovery of specific compounds will be achieved by liquid/liquid extraction and closed loop stripping in conjunction with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Such information will be combined with health-effects data from on-going research elsewhere to provide an overall evaluation of the potential of nucleophilic decomposition for drinking water treatment. This research may lead to the development of a full-scale application of nucleophiles in the form of dechlorinating agents or anionic resins. The single most significant contribution of drinking water treatment to public health in the US has been the widespread use of chlorination. Since its general acceptance in the US in the early part of this century, water borne diseases have been effectively controlled, and in some cases virtually eliminated. Now, concerns over organic chlorination byproducts are threatening to remove chlorination from consideration for many raw waters. This research may lead to concepts that will continue to permit use of chlorine for disinfection without production of potentially harmful by products.