Study of Access of Women Scientists and Engineers to Research Careers

在接下来的20年里，将不得不有比以往任何时候都更多的美国女性(包括少数族裔女性和残疾女性)加入S/E劳动力大军，即使只是为了帮助阻止根据人口数据现在预计的S/E劳动力总数的下降。未来女科学家/工程师职业生涯的一个重要过渡阶段是紧接着的博士后阶段，在此期间，参加S/E的人数出现了严重差异。之前试图理解这种自然减员的努力只取得了部分成功。因此，我们将作出重大努力(以我们的试点项目经验为基础)，研究整个女性科学家/工程师群体，以及作为对照的配对男性样本，她们都曾获得过国家科学基金会和国家科学研究院的博士后奖学金。通过标准调查和分析方法获得的定量和定性数据将被用来更全面地描述现有的障碍，并制定和测试有助于指导政策改善或消除这些障碍的建议。

A larger proportion than ever before of American women (including minority women and disabled women) will have to become available to join the S/E workforce during the next two decades, if only to help stem the decline in the total S/E workforce now expected on the basis of demographic data. An important transition phase in the careers of future women scientists/engineers is the immediate postdoctoral period, during which a serious differential in participation in S/E occurs. Previous attempts to understand such attritions have been only partly successful. We therefore shall undertake a major effort (building on our experience with a pilot project) to study the whole population of women scientists/ engineers, as well as matched samples of men as control, all of whom in the past received Postdoctoral Fellowships from NSF and NRC. Quantitative and qualitative data, obtained through standard survey and analysis methods, will be used to provide a fuller description of the existing barriers, and to formulate and test propositions that can help guide policy for their amelioration or removal.