Novel Concepts for Hydrogen-Bromine Batteries

氢溴电池的新概念

• 批准号: 8861417
• 负责人: Vinod Jalan
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: ELECTROCHEM, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-01-01 至 1989-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8861417&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Novel; Concepts; Hydrogen; Bromine; Batteries

A regenerable hydrogen-bromine battery is a high energy density system with potential applications in space projects, storage systems for solar electric power plants, and in transportation uses. The present hydrogen/bromine fuel cell is characterized by the presence of hydrogen on one side and HBr/Br2 on the other side of a solid Nafion and membrane. Nafion imposes certain constraints on the system which limit it's usability. Due to the water content required for Nafion (to maintain its ionic conductivity) as well as other engineering considerations, a 48 percent HBr solution is used as a fully charged cathode fluid. This requires a large amount of water which, although inert, adds considerable battery weight and volume. Second, the cycling of this aqueous liquid reactant concentration and therefore the Nernst potential varies continuously. Third, bromine and bromide ions migrate to the hydrogen side resulting in the poisoning of the electrode. The specific goal of this Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I grant is to develop a high efficiency rechargeable hydrogen-bromine power source. A novel means to utilize bromine and hydrogen bromide separately on opposite sides of an anion exchange membrane as single phase reactants in the gaseous state will be explored in this project. It is expected that this will alleviate the changing cell voltage with the state-of-charge and reduce the water needed as well as offer the potential for other performance improvements. A central factor is finding a suitable anion exchange membrane which will support bromide ion transfer with high efficiency. The membrane needs to perform in a water free environment or with reduced water concentration and still maintain a low ohmic resistance. Based on preliminary work, ruthenium oxide catalyzed carbon as the positive electrode and platinum or palladium catalyzed carbon as the negative electrode will be tested. Successful completion of this project will yield a rechargeable hydrogen/bromine battery with relatively constant Nernst potential and a minimum water requirement. This will lead not only to higher efficiency and light weight, but also to improved system simplicity and reliability as well as presenting the potential for further performance improvements.

可再生氢溴电池是一种高能量密度的电池， 在空间项目中具有潜在应用的系统，存储 太阳能发电厂和运输系统 使用. 本发明的氢/溴燃料电池的特征在于， 一侧存在氢，另一侧存在HBr/Br 2 一个坚实的Nafion和膜的一面。 Nafion强制执行某些 限制系统可用性的约束。 由于 Nafion所需的水含量（以保持其离子 导电性）以及其他工程考虑， %的HBr溶液用作完全充电的阴极流体。 这需要大量的水，虽然是惰性的， 增加了相当大的电池重量和体积。 第二，骑行 该含水液体反应物浓度的最大值， 能斯特势连续变化。 三、溴化溴化 离子迁移到氢侧，导致 电极。 本次小企业创新研究的具体目标 （SBIR）第一阶段拨款是开发一种高效的可充电电池， 氢溴电源 一种利用溴素的新方法 和溴化氢分别在阴离子的相对侧上， 交换膜作为气态的单相反应物 将在这个项目中进行探索。 预计这将 - 缓解电池电压随充电状态的变化， 减少所需的水，并为其他 性能改进。 一个核心因素是找到一个合适的 支持溴离子转移的阴离子交换膜 具有高效率。 膜需要在水中工作 自由环境或具有降低的水浓度， 保持低欧姆电阻。 在前期工作的基础上， 氧化钌催化的碳作为正极， 铂或钯催化的碳作为负极 会得到考验 成功完成该项目将产生 可再充电氢/溴电池， 能斯特电位和最低需水量。 这将导致 不仅提高了效率和重量， 提高了系统的简单性和可靠性， 进一步提高性能的潜力。