Development of Screening Technique for Aqueous Drag ReducingSurfactants and Its Utilization for Finding More Efficient Additive Systems (Engineering)

在区域供暖和制冷系统中，加热或冷冻的水通过10到20公里的循环再循环，与各种装置交换热量。大部分资本投资集中在再循环所需的管道、泵和配件上。湍流中的减阻可以节省成本和能源。几种形成棒状胶束的阳离子和非离子表面活性剂体系已被鉴定为减阻剂。这项研究项目将建立有效减阻系统的基本标准，并开发一种方便的筛分技术。将研究影响胶束大小、形状和取向的变量，包括温度、反离子类型和浓度、电解液含量以及辅助剂的影响。准弹性光散射将用于研究添加剂体系的胶束行为。互动活动包括教授胶体科学基础课程，参加侧重于妇女和少数群体在工程和科学领域的独特问题的大学课程，以及为工程学院的妇女讲习班作出贡献。该项目进一步推动了VPW计划的目标，即：(1)为妇女提供机会，在NSF资助的工程和科学学科中发展她们的职业生涯；(2)通过提高受雇于工业、政府和学术机构的女科学家和工程师的知名度，鼓励妇女追求科学和工程事业。通过鼓励妇女参与科学，这是对国家未来科学活力的宝贵投资。

In district heating and cooling systems heated or chilled water is recirculated through a 10 to 20 km loop, exchanging heat with various installations. Much of the capital investment is concentrated in the pipes, pumps, and fittings needed for the recirculation. Drag reduction in turbulent flow could result in cost and energy savings. Several cationic and nonionic surfactant systems which form rod-shaped micelles have been identified as drag reducing agents. This research project will establish basic criteria for effective drag reducing systems and develop a convenient screening technique. Variables affecting micellar size, shape, and orientation will be studied, examining temperature, type and concentration of counter-ion, electrolyte content, and the effect of coadditives. Quasielastic light scattering will be used to study the micellar behavior of the additive systems. Interactive activities include teaching a course in the fundamentals of colloid science, participating in a university course which focuses on the unique problems of women and minorities in engineering and science, and contributing to a workshop for women in the College of Engineering. This project furthers VPW program objectives which are (1) to provide opportunities for women to advance their careers in engineering and in the disciplines of science supported by NSF and (2) to encourage women to pursue careers in science and engineering by providing greater visibility for women scientists and engineers employed in industry, government, and academic institutions. By encouraging the participation of women in science, it is a valuable investment in the Nation's future scientific vitality.