Professional Values and Ethical Issues in the Graduate Education of Scientists and Engineers

近年来，关于影响科学家和工程师在其专业工作中的行为的价值观，关于可能改变这些价值观的不确定性和压力的来源，以及关于什么是或应该构成研究生教育的规范内容，提出了许多问题。诸如此类的问题刺激了职业道德和更广泛的道德与价值研究的工作，并促进了对大学道德氛围和责任及其在学生道德发展中的作用的兴趣的复兴。该项目的目的是为理工科研究生所获得的专业价值观提供一个基于数据的检验，包括对他们在教育过程中遇到的价值观冲突和伦理问题的分析。研究人员将通过开发和管理一项针对主要院系四个学科的研究生和教师的全国性调查来实现这一目标。他们还将在两所研究型大学的这些系进行实地研究个案研究。在项目的这一阶段将研究的学科是土木工程、实验心理学、地质学和微生物学。一个顾问团和顾问对项目进行监督。预计传播将包括项目通讯和共同赞助者出版物（即《美国科学家》、《CGS通讯者》和《科学》）中的信息项目；在专业会议上的发言；在多所大学举办邀请讲座和研讨会；在专业学术期刊上发表文章；还有一本专著。这项研究源于一个计划阶段的成功完成，该阶段产生了参考书目，几篇论文被接受发表或在专业会议上发表，几项探索性案例研究，以及一项对学术研究生院院长的调查，该调查首次提供了有关大学政策和实践影响价值观的系统数据，以及科学家和工程师研究生教育中的价值观培训。联合首席调查员都是非常合格的；适当的机构支持、学生和博士后帮助；研究计划很好，应该提供丰富的数据，说明社会和部门对理工科研究生职业价值观的影响。结果将广泛传播，并与研究人员和教育决策者相关。建议使用Support。

Many questions have been raised in recent years about the values that influence the conduct of scientists and engineers in their professional work, about the sources of uncertainty and strain that may be altering those values, and about what does or should constitute the normative content of graduate education. Questions such as these have stimulated work in professional ethics and ethics and value studies more generally, and have contributed to a revival of interest in the university's ethical climate and responsibilities and its role in the moral development of students. The objective of this project is to provide a data-based examination of the professional values being acquired by graduate students in science and engineering, including an analysis of the value conflicts and ethical problems encountered during their education. The investigators will address this goal by developing and administering a national survey to graduate students and faculty in four disciplines at major departments. They will also conduct field research case studies in those departments in two research universities. The disciplines that will be studied in this phase of the project are civil engineering, experimental psychology, geology and microbiology. An advisory group and consultants provide oversight of the project. Dissemination is expected to include information items in the project's newsletter and in co-sponsors' publications (i.e., American Scientist, CGS Communicator, and Science); presentations to professional meetings; invitational lectures and seminars at various universities; articles in professional and scholarly journals; and a monograph. This study grows out of the successful completion of a planning phase, which resulted in a bibliography, several papers accepted for publication or presentation at professional meetings, several exploratory case studies, and a survey of academic graduate school deans which presents the first systematic data about university policies and practices affecting values and values training in the graduate education of scientists and engineers. The co-principal investigators are very well-qualified; institutional support and student and post-doctoral assistance are appropriate; the research plans are good and should provide rich data about societal and departmental impacts on the professed values of science and engineering graduate students. Results will be widely disseminated and relevant to both researchers and educational policymakers. Support is recommended.