Sources, Distribution, and Fate of Hydrocarbons in the Vicinity of the Bahia Paraiso Spill, Arthur Harbor, Antarctica

巴伊亚搁浅和随后的石油泄漏 帕拉伊索进入相对原始的亚瑟港， 南极洲引发了一场重大生态灾难的幽灵 是由人类在极地气候下的活动造成的 响应于 关于释放大量 碳氢化合物的环境，一个多学科的团队， 生物学家、化学家和微生物学家被派往 区 该计划的环境化学部分是 旨在确定碳氢化合物污染的程度 以及它在环境中的最终命运 包括采样 组织（无脊椎动物和大型藻类），沉积物和水， 受影响区域和远离泄漏现场的控制区域。 同时生物效应项目由其他 investigators. 该提案涉及化学分析， 在本次调查的实地部分收集的样本以及 作为对选定研究中心约一年的后续监测 后 分析程序有几个主要组成部分 包括：（l）表征从 分子和同位素分析的容器;（2）开发 识别环境碳氢化合物的独特指纹 （3）确定从泄漏中分离的 碳氢化合物之间的大气，水，沉积物和 释放到环境中后的生物;（4）记录 环境中碳氢化合物随时间的重新分布 自泄漏以来;（5）识别和独特的指纹 该地区的其他碳氢化合物来源，包括天然 生物来源（大型藻类、浮游生物等）（6）提供 生物效应研究的支持性分析数据。 该计划的长期目标是制定一个广泛的 了解其来源、命运和分布 碳氢化合物在极地气候，以及评估化学 污染来自外地站。 这些研究将 协助更好地评价 石油释放到与人类活动相关的环境中 极地活动。

The grounding and subsequent leakage of petroleum from the Bahia Paraiso into the relatively pristine area of Arthur Harbor, Antarctic raised the spectre of a major ecological disaster caused by man's activities in polar climates. In response to initial reports of the release of substantial amounts of hydrocarbons to the environment, a multidisciplinary team of biologists, chemists and microbiologists was dispatched to the area. The environmental chemistry component of this program was directed at determining the extent of hydrocarbon contamination and its ultimate fate in the environment. Sampling included tissues (invertebrates and macroalgae), sediments, and water in both impacted as well as control areas far from the spill site. Concurrent biological effects programs were initiated by other investigators. This proposal involves the chemical analysis of samples collected during the field portion of this survey as well as follow.up monitoring of selected sites approximately one year later. The analytical program has several major components including: (l) characterization of fluids leaking from the vessel by molecular and isotopic analysis; (2) development of unique fingerprints to identify environmental hydrocarbons derived from the spill; (3) determination of the partitioning of hydrocarbons between the atmosphere, water, sediments and organisms after release to the environment; (4) documentation of the redistribution of hydrocarbons in the environment with time since the spill; (5) identifying and uniquely fingerprinting other sources of hydrocarbons in the area including natural biological sources (macroalgae, plankton, etc.) and (6) providing supportive analytical data for biological effects studies. Longer range goals of this program are to develop a broad understanding of the sources, fate and distribution of hydrocarbons in polar climates, as well as assessing the chemical contamination derived from field stations. These studies will assist in a better evaluation of the significance and impact of petroleum releases to the environment associated with man's activities in polar regions.