Hydrate Formation from Ice

原生成核动力学区域的定量描述对水合物研究的最新进展至关重要。没有动力学研究，基础物理和化学就不能用来解释水合物形成的基本原理。由于液态水初成核的动力学在实验上似乎难以捉摸，并且在不同的实验室中难以重复，因此起点必须是可重复的实验-即从冰中形成水合物的动力学数据。这第一步对后来从液态水中形成水合物具有有用的模拟意义。提出的研究的影响代表了水合物研究历史上的一个转折点，从时间无关的研究（热力学）到时间相关的研究（物理力的动力学）。这项工作的结果太长远，无法得到工业界的支持。然而，这些结果对许多不同的问题产生了影响，如水合物的气体释放速度、能源回收、北海环境中的管道堵塞等。

Quantitative description of the primary nucleation kinetic region is vital to the state-of-the-art in hydrate research. Without kinetic research, the basic physics and chemistry cannot be used to interpret the fundamentals of hydrate formation. Since the kinetics of primary nucleation from liquid water seems experimentally elusive and resists duplication in different laboratories, the starting point must be experiments which are reproducible - those kinetic data obtained for hydrate formation from ice. This first step has useful analog for later extension to hydrate formation from liquid water. The impact of the proposed research represents a part of a turning point in the history of hydrate research from time- independent studies (thermodynamics) to time-dependent (kinetic with physical forces) studies. The results of the work are too long-range to be supported by industry. Yet the results have impact on such diverse problems as rates of gas release from hydrates for environmental problems, energy recovery, and the plugging of pipelines in the North Sea environment.