Timing of the Closure of the Central American Isthmus: Evidence From Shallow-Water Benthic Foraminifera (Earth Science)

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Approximately three million years ago the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama from the sea divided the American tropical marine fauna in two, profoundly affecting the evolution and geographic distribution of many animals. The time of severance of deep.water connections has been studied, but Dr. Collins will determine the time of final closure using shallow.water benthic foraminifera. Fossil species of these abundant protists indicate the water depths in which they formerly lived. From strata dated with the newest biostratigraphic zonations, a sequence of water depths through time from both sides of the isthmus will be combined with taxonomic data on the biogeographic divergence of East Pacific and Caribbean foraminifera to date and the final closure of the isthmus. Standard laboratory and analytical methods will be used. The date of termination of the marine connection is important to evolutionary studies in paleontology, molecular biological studies of rates of genetic divergence, and calculations of regional tectonic uplift and the terrestrial interchange of South and North American vertebrates. Interactions with the host institution include: teaching an undergraduate course in biostratigraphy, leading a graduate seminar in paleobiogeography, co-teaching summer geology field camp, and arranging guest lectures by established women paleontologists. This project furthers VPW program objectives which are (1) to provide opportunities for women to advance their careers in engineering and in the disciplines of science supported by NSF and (2) to encourage women to pursue careers in science and engineering by providing greater visibility for women scientists and engineers employed in industry, government, and academic institutions. By encouraging the participation of women in science, it is a valuable investment in the Nation's future scientific vitality.