Historical Biodiversity of Tropical America: A Paleobiotic Survey of Caribbean and Eastern Pacific Marine Invertebratesof the Past Ten Million Years

WPC 2 M bpv ' Courier 10cpi |0x ？x x x, k x 6 x @ 8；X @伦纳德·克里什塔尔卡2 3 ' 3 ' 3 ‘ 3 ’祝你好运！3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ‘ 3 ’3 ' 3 ' x 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' x x 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ‘ 3 ’3尺4寸！这个为期三年的项目将调查和建立热带美洲中新世和上新世海洋无脊椎动物化石动物群的数据库为了测试和研究生物对加勒比海和太平洋航道之间巴拿马海走廊关闭的反应的假设。在新近纪，这一闭合分裂了热带海洋领域，并在中美洲的两侧产生了海洋变化和生物隔离。这项调查将在一个精细的尺度地层格架中进行，将包括地理、沉积学、地层学、古生态学和分类数据集。大部分动物群由苔藓虫、有孔虫和软体动物组成，它们将被用于区系分析和古环境和古气候测定。由此产生的藏品还将用于组成群体的系统和系统发育研究，并用于培训古生物学学生。该项目与巴拿马史密森尼热带研究所的设施和调查人员进行了长期合作。在2000万到200万年前的中新世和上新世期间，加勒比海和太平洋之间的巴拿马海走廊变得狭窄并最终关闭，将原本连续的海道分裂成中美洲两侧两个独立的海洋区域。这一关闭造成了大规模的海洋和生物变化，包括灭绝、迁徙和许多新的海洋物种的发展。该项目将调查这一时期热带美洲的海洋化石动物群，以研究这些变化，并将巴拿马海道关闭对海洋生物的影响联系起来。调查将包括地理、地质和古生物数据集。大部分动物化石是苔藓虫、有孔虫和软体动物，它们将被用于区系分析和古环境和古气候测定。由此产生的藏品也将用于重建这些生物的历史，并用于培养古生物学的学生。该项目对绘制海洋领域对地质事件的反应极为重要。＊＊＊

WPC 2 M B P V ` Courier 10cpi | x ? x x x , k x 6 X @ 8 ; X @ Leonard Krishtalka 2 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 4 D L ! 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' X 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' X X X 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' " 4 D L ! (# # x \ P C X P# Collins 9300905 (# ` h p x (# This three year project will survey and database the Miocene and Pliocene marine invertebrate fossil faunas of tropical America in order to test and study hypotheses of biotic responses to the closing of the Panamanian sea corridor between the Caribbean and Pacific seaways. During the Neogene, this closure split the tropical marine realm and produced oceanic changes and biotic isolation on opposite sides of Central America. The survey, which will occur in a fine scaled stratigraphic framework, will include geographic, sedimentologic, stratigraphic, paleoecologic, and taxonomic datasets. Most of the fauna consists of bryozoans, foraminifera and molluscs, which will be subjected to faunal analyses and employed in paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic determinations. The resultant collections will also be used in systematic and phylogenetic studies of constituent groups and in training students in paleobiology. The project has longstanding collaboration with facilities and investigators at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama. %%% During the Miocene and Pliocene epochs 20 million to 2 million years ago the Panamanian sea corridor between the Caribbean and the Pacific became constricted and finally closed, splitting what had been a continuous seaway into two discrete marine realms on either side of Central America. This closure produced wholesale oceanic and biotic changes, including extinctions, migrations and the development of many new marine species. The project will survey the marine fossil faunas of tropical America from this time period in order to study these change s and correlate the impacts on the marine organisms of the closing of the Panamanian seaway. The survey will include geographic, geologic and paleontologic datasets. Most of the fossil animals are bryozoans, foraminifera and molluscs, which will be subjected to faunal analyses and employed in paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic determinations. The resultant collections will also be used to reconstruct the history of these organisms and in training students in paleobiology. The project is extremely important in charting responses in the marine realm to geological events. ***