Debris-Flow Fans

泥石流风机

• 批准号: 9004843
• 负责人: Thomas Dunne
• 金额: $ 15.92万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-09-15 至 1993-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9004843&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Debris; Flow; Fans

Debris flows pose a hazard to lives and structures in mountain communities throughout the world. Motivated by the need to enhance prediction and mitigation, research projects, particularly in the U.S. and Japan, have produced wealth of information on initiation and dynamics of debris flows. By comparison, little research has been devoted to understanding debris flows in the environment where their hazard potential is most serious: i.e., on debris-flow fans. Debris-flow fans form a significant portion of the landscape and aside from concerns about hazards, the dearth of rigorous studies of the processes forming debris-flow fans represents a basic lack of scientific knowledge about a major landform of Earth's surface. The proposed research will address the mechanics of formation of debris-flow fans. The study complements on-going debris-flow monitoring programs in this country and in East Asia in that we will develop a methodology for interpreting the vast amounts of information on debris flows and fan formation stored in the debris-flow deposits themselves. Our approach considers the processes of, and controls on, debris-flow initiation, conveyance, and interaction with the channels of the fan surface, starting with the lithologic and climatic conditions in the source area and their influence on flow mobility, volume, and frequency of occurrence. The approach is a general one, applicable in a range of environments, and not limited to the specific conditions in the chosen field study site: Owens Valley, CA. The model will be built around an rheological description of debris-flow dynamics and will be based on field and laboratory data.

泥石流对世界各地山区社区的生命和结构造成危害。 出于加强预测和缓解的需要，研究项目，特别是美国和日本的研究项目，已经产生了有关泥石流的引发和动态的大量信息。 相比之下，很少有研究致力于了解泥石流在其潜在危险最严重的环境中的情况：即泥石流扇。 泥石流扇构成了地貌的重要组成部分，除了对危险的担忧之外，缺乏对泥石流扇形成过程的严格研究表明人们对地球表面主要地貌的科学知识基本缺乏。 拟议的研究将解决泥石流扇的形成机制。 这项研究补充了该国和东亚正在进行的泥石流监测项目，因为我们将开发一种方法来解释泥石流沉积物本身中存储的有关泥石流和扇形成的大量信息。 我们的方法从源区的岩性和气候条件及其对泥石流流动性、体积和发生频率的影响开始，考虑泥石流的引发、输送以及与扇表面通道的相互作用的过程和控制。 该方法是通用方法，适用于各种环境，并且不限于所选实地研究地点（加利福尼亚州欧文斯谷）的特定条件。 该模型将围绕泥石流动力学的流变学描述建立，并将基于现场和实验室数据。