Dietary Reconstruction with Stable Isotopes

用稳定同位素重建饮食

• 批准号: 9010937
• 负责人: Stanley Ambrose
• 金额: $ 20.21万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-07-01 至 1992-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9010937&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dietary; Reconstruction; Stable; Isotopes

Because a relationship exists between diet and the chemical composition of the consumer's tissue, paleoanthropologists have focussed attention on the chemical analysis of human skeletal remains. Through study of trace elements such as strontium and the isotopic ratios of carbon and nitrogen, it is often possible to gain insight into foods consumed during an individual's lifetime. In most archaeological excavations food remains - especially plant foods - are absent because of poor preservation, and, therefore, skeletal analysis provides the only means to reconstruct subsistence. While, in practice, these techniques seem to work well, the exact mechanisms by which elements are incorporated into tissue such as bone are poorly understood, and without such knowledge, it is difficult to place a high degree of reliance on the results of such studies. Dr. Stanley Ambrose and his colleagues will continue their work to elucidate these mechanisms. They will conduct an integrated program of research comprising a series of experiments. These include eleven controlled diet experiments using small mammals fed naturally labeled carbohydrates and proteins in different combinations under different simulated environmental conditions. This will define the relationship between the stable isotopic composition of diet, biochemical fractions of diet, and consumer tissues. It will also provide insight into the effects of protein nutrition on collagen and apatite turnover rate. The team will also analyze the isotopic composition of hair of six human populations in natural environments whose diets have been accurately quantified in longitudinal nutrition study. These will provide a practical situation in which to evaluate the results of the laboratory experiments. If time is available, bone samples from prehistoric populations will also be examined. This research is important because it will increase our basic understanding of the nutritional process. It will yield analytic approaches of use in a wide variety of archaeological situations.

因为饮食和化学物质之间存在关系 消费者组织的组成，古人类学家已经 把注意力集中在人体骨骼的化学分析上， 仍然存在。 通过研究微量元素如锶和 碳和氮的同位素比例， 为了深入了解一个人在 辈子 在大多数考古发掘中， 尤其是植物性食物，因为保存不好， 因此骨骼分析提供了 重建生存。 但实际上，这些技术 似乎工作得很好，元素的确切机制是 对骨等组织中的蛋白质的了解很少， 如果没有这些知识，很难将 依赖这些研究的结果。 斯坦利·安布罗斯博士和他的同事们将继续他们的工作 来阐明这些机制。 他们将进行一次综合性的 包括一系列实验的研究计划。 这些 包括11个使用小型哺乳动物的控制饮食实验 在不同的环境中喂养天然标记的碳水化合物和蛋白质 在不同的模拟环境条件下。 这将定义稳定同位素 饮食的组成、饮食的生化成分和消费者 组织中 它还将提供深入了解的影响， 蛋白质营养对胶原蛋白和磷灰石周转率的影响。 的 研究小组还将分析六名儿童头发的同位素组成， 自然环境中的人类，他们的饮食 在纵向营养研究中准确定量。 这些 将提供一个实际的情况，以评估 实验室实验的结果。 如果时间允许， 此外，亦会研究史前人类的骨骼样本。 这项研究很重要，因为它将增加我们的基础 了解营养过程。 它将产生分析 在各种考古情况下使用的方法。