DNA Sequences and Fingerprints from Chimpanzee Hair: A New Approach to Establishing Genetic and Evolutionary Relationships

对我们非人类灵长类亲属的遗传学研究 由于获取样本的侵入性， 活体组织分析 现在可以获得 从头发中提取足够的DNA， 入侵，甚至从野生动物的巢穴在他们的家乡 栖息地 在这项研究中，头发将被用作 DNA用于确定两个物种的遗传关系 黑猩猩 选定的细胞核和线粒体片段 基因将被聚合酶链酶促扩增 反应（PCR）并直接测序或分析大小 多态 在研究的大多数个体中， 更多的基因座将比较支序，以解决问题， 系谱和系统发生关系、基因流和交配 系统. 与奥利弗莱德博士合作，PI将 研究种群内变异并发展正式遗传学 两个著名的繁殖群体的谱系： 圣地亚哥动物园和北卡罗来纳州的黑猩猩 动物园。 在与Jane Goodall博士的合作下，PI 将研究卡萨克拉群落成员的遗传变异 坦桑尼亚贡贝国家公园的黑猩猩。 30年 这群黑猩猩的遗传谱系 将尝试。 通过PCR方法分析 黑猩猩毛发的样本，将有可能获得遗传 以前无法获得的信息。

Study of the genetics of our non-human primate relatives has been hampered by the invasive nature of obtaining samples for analysis from living tissue. Now it is possible to obtain sufficient DNA from hair which can easily be obtained non- invasively, even from the nests of wild animals in their native habitat. In this study hair will be used as the prime source of DNA for determining genetic relationships in two species of chimpanzees. Segments of selected nuclear and mitochondrial genes will be amplified enzymatically by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced directly or analyzed for size polymorphism. In most individuals studied, sequences at six or more loci will be compared cladistically to address questions of pedigree and phylogenetic relationships, gene flow, and mating systems. In collaboration with Dr. Oliver Ryder, the PI will study intrapopulation variation and develop formal genetic pedigrees for two well known breeding colonies: Pan pansicus at the San Diego Zoo, and Pan troglodytes at the North Carolina Zoological Park. In collaboration with Dr. Jane Goodall, the PI will study genetic variation in members of the Kasakela community of Pan troglodytes at Gombe National Park, Tanzania. A 30-year retrospective genetic pedigree for this community of chimpanzees will be attempted. By using the PCR method of analysis on samples of chimpanzee hair, it will be possible to obtain genetic information not previously obtainable.