Invertebrate Dormancy: Mechanisms of Metabolic and Biosynthetic Arrest

自然界中有很多动物 新陈代谢并进入休眠状态以应对次优状态 环境条件 这种代谢反应似乎 需要协调抑制两种能量产生途径 以及生物合成和能源利用过程。 的一个目的 建议的研究是确定负责的机制， 同时但独立地阻止蛋白质生物合成， 的胚胎厌氧休眠过程中的分解代谢途径 卤虫 蛋白质合成的调节将是 在细胞质和线粒体内检查 隔间 相同的细胞内信号（酸性细胞内信号） pH）可以直接或间接介导合成代谢和 分解代谢途径和大分子降解的速率 可能最终会限制休眠的持续时间。 二是 细胞内溶质在干扰代谢中的重要性 将研究细胞脱水期间的组织。 第三， 研究将致力于了解 卤虫滞育期间发育和代谢停滞 胚胎 这些研究中采用的方法包括 同时微量热-呼吸测定法，一种无细胞翻译 用于定量蛋白质合成、透化 胚胎，和离体细胞器的体外研究。 结果 这些研究应该对各种各样的 生物系统经历压力， 干燥，缺氧，极端温度，或 一般来说，对于任何组织或细胞， 已知会发生生物合成和能量代谢。//

There are widespread examples of animals in nature that suppress metabolism and enter dormant states in response to suboptimal environmental conditions. Such a metabolic response would seem to require coordinated suppression of both energy-producing pathways and biosynthetic, energy-utilizing processes. One objective of the proposed studies is to identify the mechanisms responsible for the simultaneous, yet independent, arrest of protein biosynthesis and of catabolic pathways during anaerobic dormancy in embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia. Regulation of protein synthesis will be examined in the cytoplasmic as well as the intramitochondrial compartments. The same intracellular signal (acidic intracellular pH) may directly or indirectly mediate arrest of anabolic and catabolic pathways, and that rates of macromolecular degradation may ultimately limit the duration of dormancy. Secondly, the importance of intracellular solutes in disrupting metabolic organization during cellular dehydration will be studied. Thirdly, studies will be directed toward understanding the nature of developmental and metabolic arrest during diapause in Artemia embryos. Methods employed in these studies will include simultaneous microcalorimetry-respirometry, a cell free translation system for quantifying protein synthesis, permeabilization of embryos, and in vitro studies with isolated organelles. Results of these studies should have implication for a variety of biological systems that experience stress as a result of desiccation, oxygen deprivation an temperature extremes, or in general, for any tissue or cell where acute modulation of biosynthesis and energy metabolism is known to occur. //