Fundamental Studies of Heteorogeneous Procesess on Model Polar Stratospheric Cloud Surfaces

模型极地平流层云表面非均质过程的基础研究

• 批准号: 9019303
• 负责人: Margaret Tolbert
• 金额: $ 11.6万
• 依托单位: SRI International
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-03-15 至 1991-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9019303&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Fundamental; Studies; Heteorogeneous; Procesess; Model

This is a laboratory study of the chemistry of atmospheric trace gases in contact with solid surfaces, representative of the particulate matter of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). The solid matter will be ordinary water ice or frozen nitric acid trihydrate, which are believed to be constituents of the PSCs. Trace gases whose chemical reactions will be studied on the ice surfaces will be chlorine nitrate and nitrogen pentoxide. The ice solids will be studied both with and without dissolved impurities like hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, and hydrogen fluoride. Solubilities of the impurities in the ices will be determined under a range of experimental conditions. The progress of chemical interactions between the gases and the solids will be followed by simultaneous mass spectroscopy of the gases and by infrared spectroscopy of the solids. This will allow real-time observations of the mutual interactions of the gases and the ice solids. Water ice and frozen nitric acid trihydrate in the polar stratospheric clouds are believed to act as catalysts for chemical reactions of chlorine- and nitrogen-containing gases involved in ozone depletion in the stratosphere. These laboratory studies will develop new information about detailed chemical and physical mechanisms of transformations of chlorine and nitrogen compounds in the stratospheric ozone layer. Such information will help to confirm (or modify?) present beliefs about ozone depletion in the stratosphere and will help us understand the timing of ozone depletion and its relationships to geographic factors.

这是一项关于大气化学的实验室研究， 与固体表面接触的痕量气体， 极地平流层云（PSC）的颗粒物质。 的 固体物质将是普通的水冰或冻结的硝酸 三水合物，其被认为是PSC的成分。 微量气体的化学反应将在冰上进行研究 表面将是硝酸氯和五氧化二氮。 的 冰的固体将被研究有和没有溶解 氯化氢、溴化氢和氢气等杂质 氟化 杂质在冰中的溶解度将是 在一系列实验条件下测定。 气体之间的化学相互作用的进展， 固体之后将进行同时质谱分析， 气体和固体的红外光谱。 这将 允许实时观察的相互作用， 气体和固体冰。 极地水冰和冻结的硝酸三水合物 平流层云被认为是 含氯和含氮气体的化学反应 参与平流层臭氧层的破坏。 这些 实验室研究将开发有关详细信息的新信息 氯转化的化学和物理机制 以及平流层臭氧层中的氮化合物。 等 信息将有助于确认（或修改？）当前信念 平流层臭氧层的损耗， 了解臭氧消耗的时间及其与 地理因素。