Insular and Continental, Amber and Living Diptera: Implications for Historical Biogeography and the Caribbean Region

岛屿和大陆、琥珀和现存双翅目：对历史生物地理学和加勒比地区的影响

• 批准号: 9020102
• 负责人: David Grimaldi
• 金额: $ 13.79万
• 依托单位: American Museum Natural History
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-04-01 至 1996-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9020102&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Insular; Continental; Amber; Living; Diptera

The abundant deposits of Oligo-miocene amber from southern Mexico and Hispaniola have yielded a great diversity of exquisitely preserved biological inclusions, the large majority being arthropods and especially Diptera. The amber specimens afford an unparalleled opportunity to address questions on the relationships and origins of the Caribbean fauna, but critical information is lacking on the distributions of most extant Diptera in the caribbean, and the phylogenetic relationships of the amber fossil taxa to living species. This research proposes to examine selected groups represented in the amber collections the AMNH and the NMNH: Asteia (Asteiidae), Aulacigaster (Aulacigastridae), Beckeriella (Ephydridae), Beebeomyia (Richardiidae), Carnus/Meoneura (Carnidae), Lygistorrhina and Proceroplatus (Mycetophilidae), Diathoneura and selected Drosophila groups (Drosophilidae), Odinia (Odiniidae), and a species group within Pholeomyia (Milichiidae). Taxonomic revisions of each will be based on species-level treatments using adult morphology and cladistic methodology to examine phylogenetic relationships. Study will resort to pinned museum specimens but requires extensive sampling using several general and specific collecting techniques in lowland tropical forests, which is proposed for Hispa ola, Cuba, and Costa Rica. Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy will be done by a collaborator on selected amber specimens to more accurately determine their geological provenance. Aims of the research are the following: define species and their distributions for the above groups in the Netropics; test for repeated, congruent patterns of distributions; and place the fossils among the phylogenetic system of extant species. Implications of these results are that distributions can be examined for correspondence to island origins (vicariance), and the minimum, fossil age of a clade may provide permissive evidence for or refute a particular geological explanation. Also, the role of geographical extinctions in modifying distributions can be assessed, which is directly applicable to vicariance methodology.

中国南方渐新世-中新世琥珀储量丰富， 墨西哥和伊斯帕尼奥拉岛出产了各种各样的 保存的生物内含物，绝大多数是 节肢动物尤其是双翅目 琥珀标本提供了 前所未有的机会来解决问题的关系， 和加勒比动物群的起源，但重要的信息是 缺乏对大多数现存双翅目在 以及琥珀化石的系统发育关系 taxa分类群to living活species种. 这项研究建议审查选定的群体， 在AMNH和NMNH琥珀收藏中：Asteia（Asteiidae）， Aulacigaster（Aulacigastridae），Beckeriella（Ephydridae）， Beebeomyia（Richardiidae），Carnus/Meoneura（Carnidae）， Lygistorrhina和Proceroplatus（Mycetophilidae），Diathoneura和 选择的果蝇组（果蝇科），Odinia（Odiniidae），和 蝇属的一个种群。 分类学 每个版本都将基于物种水平的处理， 成虫形态学和分支系统学方法来研究系统发育 关系。 研究将求助于博物馆标本， 需要使用几种通用和特定的 采集技术在低地热带森林，这是 为伊斯帕奥拉、古巴和哥斯达黎加提出的建议。 气体 色谱/质谱将由合作者完成， 选择琥珀标本，以更准确地确定其 地质起源 研究的目的如下： 定义上述各组的物种及其分布， 回归线;分布的重复一致型检验; 并将这些化石置于现存的 物种 这些结果的含义是，分布可以 检查是否与岛屿起源（地理位置）相对应，以及 一个分支的最小化石年龄可以提供允许的证据 支持或反驳一个特定的地质解释。 此外，角色 在修改分布时， 评估，这是直接适用于vicariance方法。