Doctoral Dissertation Research in Political Science

政治学博士论文研究

• 批准号: 9022930
• 负责人: Melvin Hinich
• 金额: $ 0.4万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-05-15 至 1992-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9022930&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Political; Science

The standard view of the rational voter is one who votes for the party or candidate whose positions are closest to the voter's on those ideological or issue dimensions of importance to the voter. In recent years, a highly sophisticated body of research has explored the ideological structure or "issue space" of voters, candidates, and political parties and the linkages among them. An important outcome of this research is a body of theory suggesting that the success of elections in selecting candidates who are closest to the voters' ideal is heavily influenced by the type of electoral system used. To date, however, most research on spatial theory has concentrated on American style, plurality elections involving only two candidates. This award supports doctoral dissertation research designed to test the validity of spatial theories of voting in multicandidate elections such as many primary and local non-partisan elections in the United States, and the national elections in other countries. When only two candidates compete for office the traditional American system of single member districts and plurality voting has been shown to be sufficient to insure a good fit between election outcomes and voter issue beliefs. However, in multicandidate elections theory suggests that single member districts with plurality voting are likely to produce unstable equilibrium. Prevailing theory also suggests that adoption of majority rules with single member districts or the use of multimember districts with plurality rules will solve this problem. To test these theoretical predictions this project examines voting patterns in Chile, one of the few political systems which uses both two candidate and multicandidate elections concurrently and thus provides an controlled environment in which to isolate the effects of the different electoral systems. An unusually rich data set on Chilean elections already has been assembled and made available to the Principal Investigator to facilitate this research. When completed this research will enhance our understanding of voter decisions, the relationships between voters and candidates, and the effect on those decision and relationships of alternative electoral systems. In so doing this research will provide important information that will facilitate evaluations of the effectiveness of electoral systems in the United States and elsewhere.

理性选民的标准观点是， 立场最接近选民的政党或候选人 这些意识形态或问题方面的重要性，以选民。 近年来，一个高度复杂的研究机构已经 探索选民的意识形态结构或“问题空间”， 候选人和政党以及它们之间的联系。 一个 这项研究的一个重要成果是一套理论， 选举的成功， 最接近选民理想的是严重影响的类型， 使用的选举制度。 然而，迄今为止，大多数关于空间的研究 理论集中在美国式的多元化选举 只有两个候选人。 该奖项支持博士 论文研究旨在测试空间的有效性 多候选人选举的投票理论，如许多初选 美国的地方无党派选举， 其他国家的选举。 当只有两名候选人竞争公职时， 美国的单一成员选区和多数投票制， 已被证明足以确保选举之间的良好配合 结果和选民问题的信念。 然而，在多个候选人中， 选举理论表明， 多数表决可能产生不稳定的均衡。 流行的理论还表明，采用多数决原则 使用单一成员区或使用多成员区 多数规则将解决这个问题。 测试这些 理论预测这个项目研究了投票模式， 智利是为数不多的同时使用两种语言的政治制度之一。 候选人和多候选人选举同时进行， 提供了一个可控的环境， 不同的选举制度。 异常丰富的数据集， 智利选举已经举行，并提供给 首席研究员，以促进这项研究。 这项研究完成后，将加强我们对 选民的决定，选民和候选人之间的关系， 以及备选方案对这些决策和关系的影响 选举制度。 在这样做的时候，这项研究将提供 有助于评价《公约》执行情况的重要资料 美国选举制度的有效性， 其他地方