Supervisory Control in Automated Manufacturing Processes: The Design of Human-Computer Interaction for "Lights-Out Factories"

大多数关于制造自动化的研究都集中在 全自动控制和调度技术的衍生。 一个替代和更现实的范式“熄灯” 自动化是监督控制;制造设计 控制和调度过程，明确整合人 具有底层自动化的决策者。 监控 设计人机交互，以增强和 扩大人的作用和决策效率。 既不 监督控制的目标和无意的副作用是 使人类决策者自动脱离系统， 将人类的角色减少到一系列不受欢迎或无效的 任务 同时，监督控制改善了 自动控制灵活性的固有局限性。 这项研究提供了监督控制， 制造业全面自动化目标的替代方案 流程. 通过监督控制，目标是设计成 控制过程是利用人类技能的人类功能， 提高人的效率和整体系统性能。 本研究提供了一个三部分的方法来探讨监督 先进制造系统的控制：首先，开发 一种交互式的、实时的、面向对象的制造 模拟器;第二，建模方法的发展， 规定/描述控制和故障排除的操作员 制造过程;第三，使用运营商模型， 面向对象的制造仿真系统， 探索，与现实的制造系统动力学， 分析方法和基于知识的技术相结合， 在线决策支持系统的有效设计。

Most research on manufacturing automation focuses on the derivation of fully automated control and scheduling techniques. An alternative and more realistic paradigm to "lights out" automation is supervisory control; the design of manufacturing control and scheduling processes that explicitly integrate human decision makers with underlying automation. Supervisory control designs the human-computer interaction in order to augment and to extend the human's role and decision making effectiveness. Neither the goal nor the unintended side-effects of supervisory control are to automate the human decision maker out of the system nor to reduce the human's role to a set of undesirable or ineffective tasks. At the same time, supervisory control ameliorates the inherent limitations of flexibility in automated control. This research offers supervisory control as an alternative to the goal of full automation in manufacturing processes. With supervisory control, the goal is to design into the control process human functions that utilize human skills and that enhance human effectiveness and overall system performance. The research offers a three part approach to explore supervisory control in advanced manufacturing systems: first, the development of an interactive, real-time, object-oriented manufacturing simulator; second, the development of modeling methods to prescribe/describe operators who control and troubleshoot manufacturing processes; and third, to use the operator models and the object-oriented manufacturing simulator to systematically explore, with realistic manufacturing system dynamics, the integration of analytical methods and knowledge-based techniques, effective designs for an on-line decision support system.