Restructuring Innovation: Geographical Perspectives on Technology Development

与经济活动的其他方面一样，近几十年来，创新和技术发展的空间模式发生了重大变化。单个公司内部和公司集团之间的新形式的发展活动包括合资企业、许可协议和研发联合体。对这些趋势的研究长期以来都是理论和坊间证据，但缺乏系统的实证分析。该项目将侧重于两个核心问题：随着更多的活动通过个别公司框架外的安排进行，工业创新和技术发展的地理格局发生了怎样的变化？随着创新和技术发展日益外部化，企业之间的沟通和其他互动发生了怎样的变化？这些问题的答案将通过对工业化学、计算机以及计算机辅助设计和制造设备行业的高管进行详细调查而收集的信息得出。将对这些数据进行定量和统计分析，以确定近年来创新和技术发展的地理维度发生变化的程度。该项目将提供有关三个不同行业的工业公司之间发展联系的形式和规模的新数据。对这些数据的分析将为创新和技术发展不断变化的空间形式提供新的见解，并将为比较评估其他行业的变化模式提供基础。

As with other facets of economic activity, spatial patterns of innovation and technological development have changed substantially in recent decades. New forms of developmental activity within individual firms and among groups of firms include joint ventures, licensing agreements, and research and development consortiums. Research on these trends has been long on theory and anecdotal evidence but short on systematic empirical analysis. This project will focus on two central questions: How have geographic patterns of industrial innovation and technological development changed as more activities have been conducted through arrangements outside the framework of individual firms? How have communications and other interactions among firms changed in response to increased externalization of innovation and technological development? Answers to these questions will result from information gathered through detailed surveys of executives in the industrial chemical, computer, and computer-assisted design and manufacturing equipment industries. These data will be analyzed quantitatively and statistically to determine the degree to which geographic dimensions of innovation and technological development have changed in recent years. This project will provide new data about the form and magnitude of developmental linkages among industrial firms for three different industries. Analyses of these data will provide new insights into changing spatial forms of innovation and technological development, and they will provide a basis for comparative evaluation of changing patterns in other industries.