Collaborative Research: Phenotypic and lineage diversification after key innovation(s): multiple evolutionary pathways to air-breathing in labyrinth fishes and their allies

合作研究：关键创新后的表型和谱系多样化：迷宫鱼及其盟友呼吸空气的多种进化途径

• 批准号: 2333684
• 负责人: Matthew Friedman
• 金额: $ 20.45万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-01-01 至 2026-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2333684&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Phenotypic; lineage; diversification

Some anatomical structures or behaviors can be game-changing at evolutionary scales for certain groups of organisms. Such traits, called “key innovations”, radically alter how an organism interacts with its environment, and may confer competitive advantages. Examples are innovations that enable avoiding competition or predation with other species, or allowing access to new habitats and resources. A potential key innovation for some fishes is the ability to breathe atmospheric air with a unique air-breathing organ. These air-breathing organs have evolved several times in fishes such as bettas, gouramis, and snakeheads, and may have been the key to their success in spreading across the world millions of years ago and again during more recent biological invasions (e.g., snakeheads). This project will examine whether air-breathing structures are key innovations and then answer how these structures alter intrinsic (anatomical) or extrinsic (ecological) evolutionary dynamics.This project will use high resolution micro-computed tomographic imaging (microCT), coupled with contrast-staining and histology to provide insight into the diversity of air-breathing organs across the Anabantaria (gouramis, snakeheads, spiny and swamp eels). Using a phylogenetic comparative framework, the research team will assess the homology of different air-breathing structures across anabantarians. Three-D geometric morphometrics will be used to capture skull shape diversity in these fishes, air-breathing and non-air-breathing species alike. Finally, the research team will test whether air-breathing structures are key innovations and then answer how these structures alter evolutionary dynamics, either by (1) providing new opportunities for continental invasions, (2) facilitating body shape diversification, or (3) by changing the fundamentals of how the skull, which houses the air-breathing organ, adapts to changing roles. For the Broader Impacts of this study, the research team at University of Louisville will partner with colleagues at the University of Michigan Museum of Natural History for outreach and training. The University of Louisville research team, PI, post docs and students, will partner with the Louisville Zoo community programs office to build on existing programs aimed at increasing children’s empathy towards animals and each other.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

某些解剖结构或行为可以在某些生物群体的进化尺度上改变游戏规则。这些被称为“关键创新”的特征，从根本上改变了生物体与环境的相互作用，并可能赋予竞争优势。例如，能够避免与其他物种竞争或捕食的创新，或允许进入新的栖息地和资源。对某些鱼类来说，一个潜在的关键创新是能够用独特的呼吸器官呼吸大气。这些呼吸空气的器官在诸如斗鱼、攀鲈和黑鱼的鱼类中已经进化了几次，并且可能是数百万年前它们成功传播到世界各地的关键，并且在最近的生物入侵期间再次成功传播（例如，蛇头）。该项目将研究呼吸空气的结构是否是关键的创新，然后回答这些结构如何改变内在（解剖学）或外在（生态学）的进化动力学。该项目将使用高分辨率显微计算机断层扫描成像（microCT），结合对比染色和组织学，以深入了解整个Anabantaria（古兰鱼，蛇头，多刺和沼泽鳗鱼）呼吸空气的器官的多样性。使用系统发育比较框架，研究小组将评估不同的空气呼吸结构在anabantarians之间的同源性。三维几何形态测量将被用来捕捉头骨形状的多样性，在这些鱼类，空气呼吸和非空气呼吸的物种一样。最后，研究小组将测试呼吸空气的结构是否是关键的创新，然后回答这些结构如何改变进化动力学，要么通过（1）为大陆入侵提供新的机会，（2）促进体型多样化，或（3）通过改变容纳呼吸空气器官的头骨如何适应角色变化的基本原理。对于这项研究的更广泛影响，路易斯维尔大学的研究团队将与密歇根大学自然历史博物馆的同事合作进行推广和培训。路易斯维尔大学的研究团队，PI，博士后和学生，将与路易斯维尔动物园社区项目办公室合作，以现有的项目为基础，旨在增加儿童对动物和彼此的同情心。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为是值得支持的，通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估。