Investigations in Supernovae Physics, Award in U.S.and Indian Currencies

技术说明：这项提议将继续印度和美国在理论天体物理学方面的联合研究计划，该计划始于1987年，由塔塔研究所和芝加哥大学共同开展。印度孟买塔塔基础研究所的S.M.Chitre博士和芝加哥大学的David Schramm博士是共同的主要投资人。该计划的主要重点是核天体物理学，在过去的三年中适当地强调了1987年2月23日发生的超新星(SN1987A)。对于一个过去在理论上占主导地位的领域，这次事件通过已经发生的观测增加了一个新的维度，特别是在大麦哲伦星云中。对超新星的拟议研究有望解决以下问题：1)II型超新星如何爆炸？2)大麦哲伦星云中双星的数量、轨道周期分布和质量比是什么？3)银河系球状星团系统中有多少脉冲星，它们的演化起源是什么？这项拟议的研究还将涉及最近对夸克-强子相变在早期宇宙中的作用以及超高能宇宙线相互作用的兴趣。范围：这两位在各自国家该领域享有盛誉的科学家计划继续他们在理论天体物理学方面的合作，研究早期宇宙和当代高能环境中的核结构，这些大质量恒星以超新星的形式爆炸。具体地说，重点是核天体物理学、超新星和早期宇宙中的夸克-强子转变。这一领域的进展在理解物质物理学、天文学和天体物理学方面取得了广泛的成果。

Technical Narrative: This proposal will continue the joint India-U.S. research program in theoretical astrophysics begun in 1987 between the Tata Institute and the University of Chicago. Dr. S. M. Chitre of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay, India and Dr. David Schramm of the University of Chicago are the co-principal inves- tigators. The main focus of the program is nuclear astrophysics with a fitting emphasis in the past three years on the supernova that occurred on February 23, 1987 (SN1987A). For a field that has been theoretically dominated in the past, this event has added a new dimension through the observations that have occurred, especially in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The proposed studies of the supernova are expected to address the following issues: 1) How does a type II supernova explode? 2) What are the number, orbital period distribution and mass ratios of binary stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud? 3) How many pulsars are there in the galactic globular cluster systems and what is their evolutionary origin? The proposed research will address also the recent interest in the role of the quark-hadron phase transition in the early universe, and ultra-high energy cosmic ray interactions. Scope: The two scientists who are eminent in the field in their respective countries plan to continue their collaboration in theoretical astrophysics studying nuclear structure in the early universe and in a contemporary high energy environment, the massive stars that explode as supernovae. Specifically, the focus is nuclear astrophysics, supernovae, and the quark-hadron transition in the early universe. The results of advances in this field are wide- ranging in the understanding of the physics of matter, astronomy and astrophysics.