Investigations in Supernovae Physics, Award in U.S.and Indian Currencies

技术叙述：该提议将继续印美联合战略。理论天体物理学的研究项目始于1987年，由塔塔研究所和芝加哥大学共同发起。印度孟买塔塔基础研究所的S. M. Chitre博士和芝加哥大学的David Schramm博士是这项研究的联合首席研究员。该计划的主要焦点是核天体物理学，并在过去三年中适当地强调了1987年2月23日发生的超新星（SN1987A）。对于一个过去在理论上占主导地位的领域来说，这一事件通过已经发生的观测增加了一个新的维度，特别是在大麦哲伦星云中。提出的超新星研究预计将解决以下问题：1)II型超新星是如何爆炸的？2)大麦哲伦星云中双星的数量、轨道周期分布和质量比是什么？3)银河系球状星团系统中有多少脉冲星，它们的演化起源是什么？提议的研究还将解决最近对早期宇宙中夸克-强子相变的作用和超高能量宇宙射线相互作用的兴趣。研究范围：两位在各自国家的领域都很杰出的科学家计划继续他们在理论天体物理学方面的合作，研究早期宇宙和当代高能环境下的核结构，即以超新星形式爆炸的大质量恒星。具体来说，重点是核天体物理学、超新星和早期宇宙中的夸克-强子跃迁。在这一领域取得进展的结果在对物质物理学、天文学和天体物理学的理解方面是广泛的。

Technical Narrative: This proposal will continue the joint India-U.S. research program in theoretical astrophysics begun in 1987 between the Tata Institute and the University of Chicago. Dr. S. M. Chitre of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay, India and Dr. David Schramm of the University of Chicago are the co-principal inves- tigators. The main focus of the program is nuclear astrophysics with a fitting emphasis in the past three years on the supernova that occurred on February 23, 1987 (SN1987A). For a field that has been theoretically dominated in the past, this event has added a new dimension through the observations that have occurred, especially in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The proposed studies of the supernova are expected to address the following issues: 1) How does a type II supernova explode? 2) What are the number, orbital period distribution and mass ratios of binary stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud? 3) How many pulsars are there in the galactic globular cluster systems and what is their evolutionary origin? The proposed research will address also the recent interest in the role of the quark-hadron phase transition in the early universe, and ultra-high energy cosmic ray interactions. Scope: The two scientists who are eminent in the field in their respective countries plan to continue their collaboration in theoretical astrophysics studying nuclear structure in the early universe and in a contemporary high energy environment, the massive stars that explode as supernovae. Specifically, the focus is nuclear astrophysics, supernovae, and the quark-hadron transition in the early universe. The results of advances in this field are wide- ranging in the understanding of the physics of matter, astronomy and astrophysics.