Polarimetric Tomography of Supernovae: Observational Probes of the Explosion Physics, Progenitor Stars, and Extragalactic Interstellar Dust

超新星偏振层析成像：爆炸物理、祖星和河外星际尘埃的观测探测器

• 批准号: 1817099
• 负责人: Lifan Wang
• 金额: $ 29万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1817099&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Polarimetric; Tomography; Supernovae; Observational; Probes

A research team based at Texas A&M University (TAMU) will carry out detailed observational studies of supernovae (SNe), because the imagination is fired with the awesome spectacle of stellar catastrophe. The maximum luminosity can equal that of a billion suns and matter is thrown into space at a few percent of the speed of light. As the explosion causes the star to expand and thin out, the signals from successive layers reveal the nature of the interior of the star. New insight into the formation of compact objects (neutron stars and black holes) can be acquired. The ejected matter is enriched in new elements, thus SNe are the main drivers of the nuclear evolution of the Universe. SNe may eject matter from galaxies in SN-heated galactic winds. They are an important factor in the physical evolution of galaxies. Finally, because they are so bright, SNe also serve as exquisite indicators of extragalactic distances. They measure the cosmic distance scale and determine the history of the cosmic expansion. The research on supernovae will also be integrated into the extremely successful TAMU Physics Festival, which attracts over 4,000 people nationwide each year. The principal investigator of the project is also a key member of a collaboration with artists and computer scientists in TAMU and other Texas Universities to produce 3D presentations of astronomical data and concepts, including research results from this project. Spectropolarimetry, the method used by the TAMU group, is the only practical means to tomographically map the composition-dependent 3-D shape of distant SN explosions. The field of SN spectropolarimetry is now poised to pass from the phase of constructing broad outlines of phenomenology to doing detailed physics-driven probes of the explosions and their aftermath. Many recent observations point strongly towards a double-degenerate progenitor scenario for at least a significant fraction of Type Ia SNe. But the apparent sphericity of the ejecta throughout different chemical layers poses a serious challenge to the double-degenerate models. Very early observations of SN Ia should yield new constraints on the progenitor systems and explosion mechanism. Imaging polarimetry with high spatial resolution will also provide new insights into the nature of circumstellar and interstellar dust, and the comparison of interstellar dust particles in extragalactic space and the Milky Way. Polarimetry of SNe therefore offers the best chance of directly resolving the issue of dust extinction in supernova cosmology.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

德克萨斯农工大学（TAMU）的一个研究小组将对超新星（SNe）进行详细的观测研究，因为恒星灾难的可怕景象激发了人们的想象力。其最大亮度相当于10亿个太阳的亮度，物质以光速的百分之几的速度被抛入太空。随着爆炸导致恒星膨胀和变薄，来自连续层的信号揭示了恒星内部的性质。可以获得关于致密物体（中子星和黑洞）形成的新见解。喷射出的物质富含新元素，因此超新星是宇宙核演化的主要驱动力。SNe可以在sn加热的星系风中从星系中喷射出物质。它们是星系物理演化的重要因素。最后，因为它们非常明亮，SNe也可以作为银河系外距离的精确指示器。它们测量宇宙距离尺度，确定宇宙膨胀的历史。对超新星的研究也将被纳入非常成功的TAMU物理节，每年吸引全国4000多人参加。该项目的首席研究员也是与TAMU和其他德克萨斯大学的艺术家和计算机科学家合作的关键成员，以制作天文数据和概念的3D演示，包括该项目的研究成果。TAMU小组使用的光谱偏振法是唯一一种实用的方法，可以对遥远SN爆炸的成分依赖的三维形状进行层析成像。SN光谱偏振学领域现在正准备从构建现象学的大致轮廓阶段过渡到对爆炸及其后果进行详细的物理驱动探测。许多最近的观测结果强烈地指向了至少相当一部分Ia型SNe的双简并祖情景。但是，贯穿不同化学层的明显的球体性对双简并模型提出了严峻的挑战。对Ia型超新星的早期观测应该会对起源系统和爆炸机制产生新的限制。具有高空间分辨率的成像偏振法也将提供对星周和星际尘埃性质的新见解，以及对河外空间和银河系星际尘埃颗粒的比较。因此，SNe的偏振测量提供了直接解决超新星宇宙学中尘埃消亡问题的最佳机会。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

SN 2017fgc: A Fast-expanding Type Ia Supernova Exploded in Massive Shell Galaxy NGC 474

SN 2017fgc：一颗快速膨胀的 Ia 型超新星在星系 NGC 474 的巨大壳层中爆炸

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac0e9c
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Astrophysical Journal
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Zeng Xiangyun;Wang Xiaofeng;Esamdin Ali;Pellegrino Craig;Burke Jamison;Stahl Benjamin E.;Zheng WeiKang;Filippenko Alexei V.;Howell D. Andrew;S;D. J.;Valenti Stefano;Mo Jun;Xi Gaobo;Liu Jialian;Zhang Jujia;Li Wenxiong;Isk;ar Abdusamatjan;Zhang Mengfan
• 通讯作者: Zhang Mengfan

The 3D shape of Type IIb SN 2011hs

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz265
• 发表时间: 2019-01
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: H. Stevance;J. Maund;D. Baade;J. Bruten;A. Cikota;P. Höflich;L. Wang;J. Wheeler;A. Clocchiatti;J. Spyromilio;F. Patat;Y. Yang;P. Crowther

Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Inversion (AIAI) of Synthetic Type Ia Supernova Spectra

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ab9a3b
• 发表时间: 2019-11
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
• 作者: Xingzhuo Chen;L. Hu;Lifan Wang

Red and Reddened: Ultraviolet through Near-infrared Observations of Type Ia Supernova 2017erp

红色和变红：Ia 型超新星 2017erp 的紫外线和近红外观测

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab1a3f
• 发表时间: 2018-08
• 期刊: Astrophysical Journal
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Brown Peter J.;Hosseinzadeh Griffin;Jha Saurabh W.;S;David;Vieira Ethan;Wang Xiaofeng;Dai Mi;Dettman Kyle G.;Mould Jeremy;Uddin Syed;Wang Lifan;Arcavi Iair;Bento Joao;Burns Chris R.;Diamond Tiara;Hiramatsu Daichi;Howell D. Andrew;Hsiao E. Y.;Marion G.
• 通讯作者: Marion G.

JWST’s PEARLS: Dust Attenuation and Gravitational Lensing in the Backlit-galaxy System VV 191

JWST 的珍珠：背光星系系统 VV 191 中的灰尘衰减和引力透镜

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/acbdff
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: The Astronomical Journal
• 作者: Keel, William C.;Windhorst, Rogier A.;Jansen, Rolf A.;Cohen, Seth H.;Summers, Jake;Holwerda, Benne;Bradford, Sarah T.;Robertson, Clayton D.;Ferrami, Giovanni;Wyithe, Stuart
• 通讯作者: Wyithe, Stuart