Ordered Phases of Solid and Liquid Helium Three

量子流体和固体已经成为量子力学的重要课题。 研究他们自己的权利，并作为模型系统， 类似的物理现象在更复杂的材料中表现出来。 他们在这里提出了三个系列的实验，旨在进一步 他们在这两方面的物理理解。 第一 系列将涉及固体的U2 D2相的超声研究 3 He的目的是寻找晶格畸变 预计将发生在核自旋排序，并更充分地 测量磁格吕尼森张量 这些研究应该有助于 回答一些关于这个问题的基本问题 模型磁系统 第二个系列将涉及搜索 ~ 3 He二维亚单层膜超流性 吸附在2-4个超流~ 4 He单层膜上。 如果 如果成功，这次搜索将为我们提供一个全新的BCS 超流体状态，这应该揭示可能的二维 超导态 最后，他们将调查过程 超流~ 3 He的B相是由A相成核的， 相超流体 这个看似简单的问题是一个特别 因为我们对这些阶段了解得太多了， 他们应该能够充分理解这种转变。 此外，A到B成核的相关长度尺度为 长期以来，这种过渡是一个难得的机会， 首先，要同等详细地理解非均匀成核， 有序相变

Quantum fluids and solids have served as important topics of research in their own right, and as model systems for understanding similar physical phenomena exhibited in more complex materials. They propose here three series of experiments intended to further their physical understanding in both these regards. The first series will involve ultrasound studies of the U2D2 phase of solid 3He with the intention of searching for the lattice distortion expected to occur upon nuclear spin ordering, and to more fully measure the magnetic Gruneisen tensor. These studies shoud help answer a number of remaining fundamental questions regarding this model magnetic system. The second series will involve a search for superfluidity in two dimensional sub-monolayer films of 3He adsorbed on top of 2-4 monolayer films of superfluid 4He. If successful, this search will provide us with an entirely new BCS superfluid state, which should shed light on possible 2D superconducting states. Finally, they will investigate the process by which the B-phase of superfluid 3He is nucleated from the A- phase superfluid. This seemingly simple problem is a particularly tempting one because we know so much about these phases that they feel they should be able to fully understand this transition. Further, the relevant length scale of the A to B nucleation is so long that this transition represents a rare opportunity to understand in equisite detail inhomogeneous nucleation at a first order phase transition.