The History of Black Women: Biologists' Accounts of Race and Gender

黑人妇女的历史：生物学家对种族和性别的描述

• 批准号: 9112556
• 负责人: Anne Fausto-Sterling
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: Brown University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-01-01 至 1993-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9112556&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: History; Black; Women; Biologists; Accounts

Dr. Fausto-Sterling is examining the intersection between the ideologies of social difference and the development of biological knowledge. As a part of a larger study, she argues that much of contemporary biological knowledge and theory is covertly marked by cultural values, both past and present, concerning gender and race. She is examining the mutual interactions between social and intellectual forces and the development of scientific thought. Each part of this study probes the social nature of biological ideation with the examination and explication of the dissection literature drawn from the 19th century being a cornerstone piece for this undertaking. Starting with Georges Cuvier's detailed examination of the body of Sarah Bartman, a South African woman of color, and continuing into the 1870's, biologists published scientific accounts of dissections of women of color. Under this grant, Dr. Fausto-Sterling is completing the compilation and examination of that dissection literature emanating from Europe. She is also extending this study to literature emanating from the United States. She is searching the biological literature of the United States for parallel examples of accounts of the bodies of black women. The examples found both expand and diversify her evidentiary base. She is also completing the review of a growing body of secondary sources which provide both historical and theoretical background for placing and interpreting the results of this project. She will then be in a position to interpret her findings from her investigation of 19th century biologists and their scientific writings to create narratives of difference from the presumed norm of the European male. She hypothesizes that the narratives concerning people of color helped to create icons: body parts gained symbolical significance with regard to gender and deviant sexuality. Such icons derived from accounts of black female bodies, became mobile, appearing form the last quarter of the 19th century, well into the 20th century in scientific accounts of deviant white women. In amplifying and documenting her claims, Dr. Fausto-Sterling is moving from an essentially literal reading of the biological literature to a social and cultural account of its significance.

福斯托-斯特林博士正在检查 社会差异意识形态与生物学的发展 知识 作为一项更大规模研究的一部分，她认为， 当代生物学知识和理论被秘密地标记为 文化价值观，无论是过去还是现在，涉及性别和种族。 她正在研究社会和文化之间的相互作用， 知识力量和科学思想的发展。 本研究的每一部分都探讨了生物学的社会性 思维与解剖的检查和解释 19世纪的文学作品是 为了这项事业。 从乔治·居维叶详细研究 莎拉·巴特曼，一位南非有色人种妇女， 19世纪70年代，生物学家发表了解剖的科学报告， 有色人种的女人 在这项资助下，福斯托-斯特林博士是 完成对解剖的汇编和检查 文学起源于欧洲。 她也在扩展这项研究 美国文学的起源。 她在寻找 美国的生物学文献 关于黑人妇女身体的一些例子。 的示例 扩大并多样化了她的证据基础 她也是 完成对越来越多的二手资料的审查， 提供历史和理论背景， 解释这个项目的结果。 她将在一个 她的立场来解释她的调查结果，从她的19日 世纪生物学家和他们的科学著作创造了 叙述与欧洲假定规范的差异 男性 她假设，关于人们的叙述 颜色有助于创造图标：身体部位获得象征性 关于性别和异常性行为的意义。 等 从黑人女性身体的描述中衍生出来的图标，变得移动的， 出现在19世纪的最后25年， 世纪对变态白色女性的科学描述。 在 放大和记录她的说法，博士Fausto-Sterling是 从生物学的基本字面阅读 文学对其意义的社会和文化解释。