Clovis-Folsom-Plainview Geochronology, Climate Change, and the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition

克洛维斯-福尔瑟姆-普莱恩维尤地质年代学、气候变化和更新世-全新世过渡

• 批准号: 9119834
• 负责人: C. Vance Haynes
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-03-01 至 1996-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9119834&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Clovis; Folsom; Plainview; Geochronology; Climate

Dr. C. Vance Haynes and collaborators will examine geological sections in 16 U.S. archaeological sites which bracket the Pleistocene-Holocene transition which occurred from ca. 11,500 to 10,500 years ago. During three seasons of fieldwork they will conduct geologic mapping and microstratigraphic recording in sufficient detail to understand the processes and origins, and to provide a precise stratigraphic framework for sampled sediments, fauna, pollen, diatoms, artifacts and radiocarbon samples. Pollen and diatom analyses will be conducted by appropriate specialists and a large number of samples will be dated to a precision of +- 80 years by radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry. This research will provide increased insight into the climatic and environmental changes which marked the end of the last Ice Age and the response of humans as well as other species. Archaeological evidence clearly indicates that humans were present in North America prior to the end of the last Ice Age. These groups, known as "Folsom", which is the name of a specialized stone point type they employed, were widely distributed and hunted species such as mastodon. However, within what appears to be an extremely limited interval a transition occurs and "Clovis" peoples first appear in the archaeological record. At about the same time, several other changes seem to take place as well. Preliminary evidence indicates climatic drying and the rapid extinction of many species. While a number of archeological sites exist which span this interval, it is difficult to compare across them because of varying analytic techniques employed. The work by Dr. Haynes and his colleagues will provide the basis for synthesizing large amounts of data from these individual sites. It will also allow him to test his hypothesis that a rapid and marked reduction in rainfall was responsible for associated environmental and cultural changes. This research is important because it will shed light on a poorly understood aspect of U.S. prehistory. It will also increase our understand of climate change and human and other animal response to it.

C医生万斯·海恩斯和他的同事们将研究 美国16个考古遗址的部分， 更新世-全新世的过渡发生在约。11，500至 10,500年前 在三个赛季的实地考察中，他们将 进行地质填图和微地层记录， 足够的细节来了解过程和起源， 为取样的沉积物提供精确的地层框架， 动物群、花粉、硅藻、人工制品和放射性碳样品。 花粉和硅藻分析将由适当的 专家和大量的样本将被追溯到一个 放射性碳加速器质量的± 80年精度 光谱法 这项研究将提供更多的洞察力， 气候和环境的变化标志着 最后一次冰河时代以及人类和其他 物种 考古学证据清楚地表明， 在最后一个冰河时代结束之前存在于北美。 这些团体被称为“福尔松”，这是一个 他们使用的专门的石尖类型， 分布和狩猎的物种，如乳齿象。 然而没过 一个看起来非常有限的过渡期 考古学上首次出现“克洛维斯”人 记录 与此同时，其他一些变化似乎 也会发生。 初步证据显示气候 干旱和许多物种的迅速灭绝。 虽然一些 的考古遗址存在跨越这一间隔，它是 由于不同的分析方法， 使用的技术。 海恩斯博士和他的同事 将为合成大量数据提供基础 从这些单独的网站。 这也将使他能够测试他的 假设降雨量的迅速显著减少 负责相关的环境和文化变化。 这项研究很重要，因为它将揭示一个糟糕的 了解美国史前史。 这也将增加我们的 了解气候变化以及人类和其他动物的反应 到它。