Investigation of Stratigraphic Manifestations of Younger Dryas Climate at Paleoindian Sites in North America
北美古印第安遗址新仙女木期气候地层表现的调查
基本信息
- 批准号:9725044
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 13.69万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:1998
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:1998-06-15 至 2002-05-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Approximately 11,000 years ago a wide range of North American large fauna went extinct over a short time period and scientists wish to understand the cause. Two main theories have been proposed: one invokes climate change and accompanying vegetation shifts. The other notes the presence of Paleoindian hunters and gatherers and sees hunting as the primary cause. In his prior work Dr. Vance Haynes has recognized the presence of a distinct dark organic strata which is present in many sites in the US West, Southwest and High Plains. It is extremely rare to find such a well defined horizon over this large an area and its presence implies a major climatic event. Artifacts associated with the Clovis culture are found under the horizon but never within or above it. Stone tools from the succeeding Folsom group occur only in or above the horizon. This fact leads Dr. Haynes to speculate that the organic layer is in fact synchronous across sites and was deposited in a very short time period. He associates the layer with the Younger Dryas cooling event, a period of major climatic change. He also notes that this coincides with a period of maximum faunal extinction. Unfortunately the organic soil horizon is not well dated and with NSF support Dr. Haynes will visit a series of sites which contain the horizon and are also important because of the archaeological and paleontological materials they contain. He will record the stratigraphic sequence and collect suites of materials for radiocarbon dating. Specific organic compounds will be isolated for stable isotope analyses to determine relative amounts of C3 vs. C4 vegetation. In this way floral change can be both noted and dated. This research is important because it will provide precise dates for past climate and environmental change in North America. This will refine the framework for understanding changes in both human behavior and faunal extinction.
大约11,000年前,北美大范围的大型动物群在短时间内灭绝,科学家希望了解原因。人们提出了两种主要的理论:一种是气候变化和伴随而来的植被变化。另一种则注意到古印第安猎人和采集者的存在,并认为狩猎是主要原因。万斯海恩斯博士在他之前的工作中已经认识到在美国西部、西南部和高平原的许多地点都存在一种独特的深色有机层。在这么大的区域内找到如此清晰的地平线是非常罕见的,它的存在意味着一个重大的气候事件。与克洛维斯文化有关的人工制品在地平线下被发现,但从未在地平线之内或之上被发现。来自随后的福尔松群体的石器只出现在地平线之内或之上。这一事实使海恩斯博士推测,有机层实际上是同步跨网站,并在很短的时间内沉积。他将这一层与新仙女木冷却事件联系起来,这是一个重大的气候变化时期。他还指出,这与动物灭绝最严重的时期相吻合。不幸的是,有机土壤层并没有很好地过时,在NSF的支持下,海恩斯博士将访问一系列包含地平线的遗址,这些遗址也很重要,因为它们包含考古和古生物学材料。他将记录地层序列,并收集放射性碳测年材料套件。将分离特定的有机化合物进行稳定同位素分析,以确定C3与C4植物的相对数量。通过这种方式,花的变化可以被注意到并确定日期。 这项研究很重要,因为它将为北美过去的气候和环境变化提供精确的日期。这将完善理解人类行为和动物灭绝变化的框架。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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C. Vance Haynes其他文献
Climatic change and early population dynamics in the Southwestern United States
- DOI:
10.1016/0033-5894(70)90011-6 - 发表时间:
1970-09-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Cynthia Irwin-Williams;C. Vance Haynes - 通讯作者:
C. Vance Haynes
Radiocarbon Analyses of Modern Organics at Monte Verde, Chile: No Evidence for a Local Reservoir Effect
智利蒙特维德现代有机物的放射性碳分析:没有证据表明当地水库效应
- DOI:
10.2307/2694145 - 发表时间:
1999 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.8
- 作者:
R. E. Taylor;C. Vance Haynes;D. Kirner;J. Southon - 通讯作者:
J. Southon
Quaternary history of the Kiseiba Oasis region, southern Egypt
- DOI:
10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.04.024 - 发表时间:
2017-12-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Ted A. Maxwell;C. Vance Haynes;Kathleen Nicoll;Andrew K. Johnston;John A. Grant;Ali Kilani - 通讯作者:
Ali Kilani
C. Vance Haynes的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('C. Vance Haynes', 18)}}的其他基金
Dissertation Research: The Rocky Mountains as Part of a Regional Model of Paleoindian Adaptations in the Western United States.
论文研究:落基山脉作为美国西部古印第安人适应区域模型的一部分。
- 批准号:
9624373 - 财政年份:1996
- 资助金额:
$ 13.69万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Clovis-Folsom-Plainview Geochronology, Climate Change, and the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition
克洛维斯-福尔瑟姆-普莱恩维尤地质年代学、气候变化和更新世-全新世过渡
- 批准号:
9119834 - 财政年份:1992
- 资助金额:
$ 13.69万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Quaternary Geochronology: Eastern Sahara and American West
第四纪地质年代学:东撒哈拉和美国西部
- 批准号:
8820395 - 财政年份:1989
- 资助金额:
$ 13.69万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Quaternary Geochronology: Eastern Sahara and American Southwest
第四纪地质年代学:东撒哈拉和美国西南部
- 批准号:
8607479 - 财政年份:1986
- 资助金额:
$ 13.69万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Late Quaternary Geochronology: Eastern Sahara and the American Southwest
晚第四纪地质年代学:东撒哈拉和美国西南部
- 批准号:
8312651 - 财政年份:1983
- 资助金额:
$ 13.69万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
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