Global Seismograph Network Improvements

地球内部深处仍然是一个主要的科学前沿， 掌握着了解行星起源的关键， 从地质年代到现在的结构， 板块动力学、地震、火山活动以及 地磁场无法直接观察到下面的几个 公里（钻探和侵蚀暴露的极限）， 地壳、地幔和地核主要是通过它们的 与地震波的相互作用。地震学的最新发展 传感器设计、数字数据采集、传输和存储 技术使得在解析上的显著改进成为可能， 地震成像方法的能力。 联合地震研究机构，或IRIS 该联盟由70所美国大学组成， 地震学的教学计划它作为一个国家设施 用于开发、部署和支持现代数字 地震仪器，其使命分为三个 主要计划内容：（1）全球地震台网（GSN） 该计划提供了美国对国际网络的贡献 128个永久性、标准化、甚宽带（VBB）、宽动态 以大约2000的间距排列数字地震台站 绕地球仪一周。(2)台阵地震研究计划 大陆岩石圈（PASSCAL）旨在建立一个美国 国家拥有600个便携式地震仪系统， 在特定地震成像实验中的现场部署， 快速响应地震研究。(3)IRIS数据管理 系统（DMS）的目的是提供国家和国际地震 研究界及时获得GSN的数据， PASCAL程序。它将这些数据存档并分发给 程序和促进数据的标准化和交换。 在1986年至1990年的最初五年运作期间， IRIS Consortium完成了以下具体任务：（1） 开发了IRIS-1和IRIS-2标准化永久性 采用VBB传感器技术的电站仪表， GSN。为GSN提供两个IRIS操作和维护设施 安装在美国地质调查局的阿尔伯克基 地震实验室和位于旧金山的加州大学 迪亚哥目前，全球已安装了25个GSN VBB站- 并返回数据。(2)PASSCAL程序开发了 两行标准化便携式地震仪 包装件.其中100人目前居住在第一个 PASSCAL仪器中心，位于Lamont-Doherty地质 天文台PASSCAL仪器已经在一些 计划的实地实验，并迅速部署， 1987年亚美尼亚和1989年洛马普列塔余震研究， 加州地震。(3)DMS已建立GSN数据库， 阿尔伯克基地震实验室的收集节点， 在圣地亚哥的加州大学。IRIS中央数据 存档和分发中心暂时在 德克萨斯大学高性能计算中心。 通过互联网，美国用户（和欧洲用户通过ORFEUS） 荷兰的数据中心）可以访问连续数据 流从大多数现有的GSN站，以重大事件 近实时的波形数据，以及来自 重要地震以及PASSCAL现场实验。 该奖项提供1991财政年度的资金， 美国地质调查局的阿尔伯克基地震实验室， 建立IRIS全球地震观测网， 数据管理活动。

The Earth's deep interior remains a major scientific frontier that holds the key to understanding the origin of the planet, its evolution through geologic time to the present structure, and the internal causes of plate dynamics, earthquakes, volcanism, and the geomagnetic field. Inaccessible to direct observation below a few kilometers (the limit of drilling and exposure by erosion) the Earth's crust, mantle, and core are primarily studied through their interaction with seismic waves. Recent developments in seismic sensor design, digital data acquisition, transmission, and storage techniques make possible dramatic improvements in the resolving power of seismic imaging methods. The Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology, or the IRIS Consortium, is composed of 70 U.S. universities with research and teaching programs in seismology. It serves as a national facility for the development, deployment, and support of modern digital seismic instrumentation, and its mission is organized into three major program elements: (1) The Global Seismographic Network (GSN) program provides the U.S. contribution to an international network of 128 permanent, standardized, very-broad-band (VBB), wide dynamic range digital seismic stations at a spacing of approximately 2000 km around the globe. (2) The Program for Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere (PASSCAL) aims to establish a U.S. national resource of 600 portable seismometer systems available for field deployment in specific seismic imaging experiments and for rapid response to earthquake studies. (3) The IRIS Data Management System (DMS) aims to provide the national and international seismic research community with timely access to data from the GSN and PASSCAL programs. It archives and distributes the data from these programs and facilitates the standardization and exchange of data. During its initial five years of operation from 1986 to 1990, the IRIS Consortium accomplished the following specific tasks: (1) It developed the IRIS-1 and IRIS-2 lines of standardized permanent station instrumentation employing VBB sensor technology for the GSN. Two IRIS operations and maintenance facilities for the GSN were installed at the U.S. Geological Survey's Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory and at the University of California, San Diego. Currently, 25 GSN VBB stations have been installed world- wide and are returning data. (2) The PASSCAL program has developed two lines of standardized portable seismographic instrument packages. One hundred of these are currently housed at the first PASSCAL Instrument Center, located at the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory. PASSCAL instruments have already been used in a number of planned field experiments, and were rapidly deployed for aftershock studies of the 1987 Armenia and 1989 Loma Prieta, California earthquakes. (3) The DMS has established GSN data collection nodes at the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory and at the University of California, San Diego. An IRIS central data archive and distribution center is temporarily operating at the Center for High Performance Computing at the University of Texas. Through Internet, U.S. users (and European users via the ORFEUS data center in the Netherlands) have access to the continuous data streams from most of the existing GSN stations, to major-event waveform data in near-real time, and to special datasets from important earthquakes as well as from PASSCAL field experiments. This award provides FY-1991 funding for the participation of the U.S. Geological Survey's Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory in establishing the IRIS Global Seismographic Network and for related data management activities.