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Vertical Migration of Pelagic Tunicates: Role of Feeding and Reproduction

远洋被囊动物的垂直迁移：摄食和繁殖的作用

基本信息

批准号：
9121355
负责人：
Richard Miller
金额：
$ 8.59万
依托单位：
Temple University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1992-03-01 至 1995-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9121355&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Vertical Migration Pelagic Tunicates Role

项目摘要

This investigation focuses on diel vertical migration by salps (pelagic tunicates) in the vicinity of the Bermuda Atlantic Time Series Station. Salps are efficient grazers on phytoplankton and other particulates; they are widely distributed and sometimes occur in dense populations. Several species migrate vertically, some as far as 800 m, while others are restricted to surface waters. Recent work in the Subarctic Pacific and near Bermuda has revealed intriguing new features to these migrations, which do not seem consistent with traditional theories for the advantages of migration. Salps in the Pacific make shallow migrations, but stop feeding while at the surface during the night. This behavior is believed to relate mainly to spawning and fertilization. Recently salps have been observed to consistently appeared at the surface at different times of day - morning, afternoon and night. This apparent migration is also inconsistent with the usual explanations. Dr. Miller and collaborators will investigate the behavior of this extremely important group of pelagic herbivores. They will test two, non-exclusive hypotheses for the migratory patterns observed: 1) migration optimizes feeding at food-rich depths, or temporally partitions food among spatially co- occurring species; 2) migration concentrates salps at the surface and synchronizes spawning and fertilization. The investigations address basic questions of adaptation and ecology in migrating zooplankton, reproductive physiology of salps, and competition and niche separation. They are also critical for calculations of the role of grazing and migration by salps on vertical fluxes of particulate and dissolved nutrients.

本次调查的重点是百慕大大西洋时间序列站附近的樽海鞘（远洋被囊动物）的昼夜垂直迁移。樽海鞘是浮游植物和其他颗粒物的高效食草者。它们分布广泛，有时出现在密集的人群中。一些物种垂直迁徙，有些可达 800 m，而另一些则仅限于地表水域。最近在亚北极太平洋和百慕大附近的研究揭示了这些迁徙的有趣的新特征，这些特征似乎与关于迁徙优势的传统理论不一致。太平洋中的樽海鞘会进行浅层迁徙，但夜间在海面时会停止进食。这种行为被认为主要与产卵和受精有关。最近观察到樽海鞘在一天中的不同时间（早上、下午和晚上）始终出现在地表。这种明显的迁移也与通常的解释不一致。米勒博士和合作者将研究这一极其重要的远洋食草动物群体的行为。他们将测试观察到的迁徙模式的两个非排他性假设：1）迁徙优化了食物丰富的深处的摄食，或者在空间上共存的物种之间暂时分配食物； 2）迁徙将樽海鞘集中在地表，同步产卵和受精。这些研究解决了浮游动物迁徙的适应和生态学、樽海鞘的生殖生理学以及竞争和生态位分离的基本问题。它们对于计算樽海鞘放牧和迁徙对颗粒物和溶解养分垂直通量的作用也至关重要。