Dissertation Research: Development of Object Recognition Memory, Memory for the Location of Objects, and Inhibitory Control of Behavior in Preterm and Fullterm Infants

论文研究：早产儿和足月婴儿的物体识别记忆、物体位置记忆以及行为抑制控制的发展

• 批准号: 9122493
• 金额: $ 1.18万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-03-15 至 1993-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9122493&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Development; Object; Recognition

This research will investigate the development of various cognitive abilities in preterm and full-term infants with uncomplicated medical histories. It will study the ability of these infants to regulate their attention and determine how this relates to their performance in recognizing previously seen objects. The particular cognitive abilities to be studied include the infants recognizing objects, recognizing the locations in which objects are placed, remembering these objects and places over short intervals, and learning to inhibit certain aspects of their own behavior when such control is required in order to succeed. These abilities have been carefully studied in full-term infants in the past, and the exact brain regions essential for normal performance have also been identified. For example, it is known that object and place recognition abilities depend in some way upon the temporal and parietal lobes of the brain. Working- memory and inhibitory-control abilities, on the other hand, depend upon a specific part of the frontal lobe known as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. There is relatively precise information about exactly when in early development these brain regions become fully mature. Thus, by studying these cognitive abilities it may be possible to determine whether the brain regions essential to their performance are developing normally in preterm infants. The working hypothesis is that preterm infants with uncomplicated medical histories will display selective rather than general cognitive defects during development and that these defects might be related to aberrant attentional patterns. Given that the brain regions underlying each of the tasks to be used is known, selective defects on some of the tasks would help identify exactly which brain regions are most likely to be compromised by premature birth, even when there are minimal medical complications. Such results would stimulate further research concerning the interaction of early experiences (such as prematurity) and cognitive development, and would have important implications for the creation of effective early intervention programs aimed at ameliorating any negative effects of premature birth.

本研究将调查各种 早产儿和足月儿的认知能力 简单的病史 它将研究 这些婴儿来调节他们的注意力， 与他们在认识到以前所看到的 对象 要研究的特定认知能力包括 婴儿识别物体， 物体被放置，记住这些物体和地点， 短的间隔，并学习抑制他们的某些方面， 当这种控制是为了成功所必需的时候，自己的行为。 这些能力已经在足月婴儿身上进行了仔细的研究 在过去，和准确的大脑区域至关重要的正常 业绩也已确定。 例如，已知 物体和地点识别能力在某种程度上取决于 大脑的颞叶和顶叶 工作- 另一方面，记忆和大脑控制能力， 取决于额叶的一个特定部分， 背外侧前额叶皮层 有相对精确的 关于这些大脑在早期发育的确切时间 地区已经完全成熟。 因此，通过研究这些认知 有可能确定大脑是否 对其业绩至关重要的区域正在正常发展， 早产儿 目前的假设是，早产儿无并发症， 病史将显示选择性而不是一般性 在发展过程中的认知缺陷，这些缺陷可能 与异常的注意力模式有关 鉴于 每个要使用的任务下的大脑区域是已知的， 某些任务上的选择性缺陷将有助于识别 大脑的哪些区域最有可能受到 早产，即使有最低限度的医疗 并发症 这些结果将刺激进一步的研究 关于早期经验的相互作用（如 早产）和认知发展，并将有重要的 对建立有效早期干预的影响 旨在改善早产儿的任何负面影响的计划 出生