The Efficacy of Economic Statecraft: Why Some Sanctions AreMore Successful than Others

把经济制裁作为外交政策的工具是一种历史悠久的做法。然而，关于美国对南非和伊拉克等国实施制裁的持续辩论表明，人们对制裁的有效性几乎没有一致意见。在某些地方，在某些时候，制裁似乎产生了理想的结果；在其他地方和其他时代，他们没有。以前关于这个专题的研究没有结论，部分原因是现有的研究都没有对在不同情况和不同条件下使用制裁进行系统和严格的评估。这项非常有前途的少数民族研究启动计划补助金将支持关于经济制裁可能或多或少有效的条件的初步研究。规划补助金将支持对文献进行详尽的审查，对现有数据来源进行调查，并制定系统的研究设计，以便对这一重要主题进行进一步的研究。在完成这一项目后，应提供基础，以便对经济制裁作为外交政策工具的效力进行系统和严格的研究。//

The use of economic sanctions as instruments of foreign policy is a time honored practice. However, as the continuing debate about the use of sanctions by the United States against nations such as South Africa and Iraq demonstrates, there is little agreement about the effectiveness of sanctions. In some places at some times sanctions appear to have produced desirable results; in other places and other times they have not. Previous research on the topic is inconclusive, in part because none of the existing studies has undertaken systematic and rigorous assessments of the use of sanctions in different contexts and under varying conditions. This very promising Minority Research Initiation planning grant will support preliminary research on the conditions under which economic sanctions are likely to be more or less effective. The planning grant will support an exhaustive review of the literature, a survey of extant data sources, and development of a systematic research design for conducting further research on this important topic. When completed this project should provide the basic for launching a systematic and rigorous study of the efficacy of economic sanctions as instruments of foreign policy. //