The Efficacy of Economic Statecraft: Why Some Sanctions AreMore Successful than Others

使用经济制裁作为外交政策工具是一种由来已久的做法。然而，正如关于美国对南非和伊拉克等国使用制裁的持续辩论所表明的那样，关于制裁的有效性几乎没有达成一致意见。在一些地方，制裁有时似乎产生了令人满意的结果，但在其他地方和其他时间却没有。以前关于这一专题的研究没有定论，部分原因是现有研究中没有一项对在不同情况和不同条件下使用制裁的情况进行系统和严格的评估。这笔前景看好的少数民族研究启动规划赠款将支持对经济制裁可能或多或少有效的条件的初步研究。规划赠款将支持对文献进行详尽的审查，对现有数据来源进行调查，并制定系统的研究设计，以便对这一重要主题进行进一步研究。该项目完成后，应为启动系统和严格研究经济制裁作为外交政策工具的效力奠定基础。//

The use of economic sanctions as instruments of foreign policy is a time honored practice. However, as the continuing debate about the use of sanctions by the United States against nations such as South Africa and Iraq demonstrates, there is little agreement about the effectiveness of sanctions. In some places at some times sanctions appear to have produced desirable results; in other places and other times they have not. Previous research on the topic is inconclusive, in part because none of the existing studies has undertaken systematic and rigorous assessments of the use of sanctions in different contexts and under varying conditions. This very promising Minority Research Initiation planning grant will support preliminary research on the conditions under which economic sanctions are likely to be more or less effective. The planning grant will support an exhaustive review of the literature, a survey of extant data sources, and development of a systematic research design for conducting further research on this important topic. When completed this project should provide the basic for launching a systematic and rigorous study of the efficacy of economic sanctions as instruments of foreign policy. //