Limits to Prolonged Planktonic Life among Larvae of TropicalBenthic Invertebrates and its Biogeographic Consequences

远距幼虫的广泛存在 热带海洋上层沃茨的亚沿岸无脊椎动物 中太平洋、大西洋和印度洋支撑着 假设幼虫不仅对初始 海洋岛屿的殖民化，更普遍地说， 目前连续或间断分布的这些物种，但也 岛屿之间甚至是 岛屿和遥远的大陆人口。 然而没有人 还没有系统地证明遥行幼虫 在采集时能够变形， 广阔的大海 我们还不知道遥行幼虫是否 生理上适应于长时间保持无张力的 一段时间，或者是否缺乏进一步的增长已经 相反，记录是由于浮游植物浓度低， 开阔的海洋未来的研究将解决这两个问题。 问题1）通过在公海中获取幼虫并确定 实验证明这些幼虫是否有能力 （2）通过在实验室中维持幼虫， 确定是否有个体不会在 海洋最终成为有能力变质，和3） 确定遥行幼虫是否在生理上 如果有足够的浮游植物， 浓度或可替代地是否生长停滞，即，一 准全息态。

The widespread existence of teleplanic or "long distance" larvae of sublittoral invertebrates in the tropical epipelagic waters of the central Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans supports the hypothesis that larvae contribute importantly not only to initial colonization of oceanic islands and, more generally, to the present continuous or disjunct ranges of such species, but also to the continuing genetic exchange among islands or even between islands and far distant continental populations. However, no one has yet demonstrated in any systematic way that teleplanic larvae are capable of metamorphosing at the time of their collection in the open sea. We do not yet know whether teleplanic larvae are physiologically adapted for remaining planktonic over long periods of time or whether the lack of further growth already documented instead is due to low phytoplankton concentrations in the open ocean. The future research will address these two questions 1) by obtaining larvae in the open ocean and ascertain experimentally whether or not these larvae are competent to metamorphose, (2) by maintaining larvae in the laboratory to determine whether individuals that would not metamorphose in the sea eventually become competent to metamorphose, and 3) by determining whether or not teleplanic larvae are physiologically capable of further growth given adequate phytoplankton concentrations or alternatively whether growth stasis, i.e., a quasi-holoplanktonic state, is achieved.