Evolution of Color Polymorphism Using the Hawaiian Happy Face Spider, Theridion Grallator

多态性是指发生几种不同的 单一杂交种群内的不连续形式，以及 经常涉及颜色。 了若干机制 先进的解释这种多态性的发生，但 解释很少是结论性的。 这里的建议侧重于 多态现象经常以间歇性方式出现， 在任何特定血统的代表中流行。 研究 聚焦于夏威夷蜘蛛Theridion grallator 表现出高度可见的多态性状态。 图案 T.将检查Grallator 为了确定：（1）为什么不同的人群似乎 表现多态性的继承模式;以及（2）是否 T. Grallator和 Enoplognatha ovata是一个远亲物种， 继承机制。 本研究随后将审查 这种相似的颜色多态性在蜘蛛体内的分布 血统，并评估是否相似，无关 世系的代表是重复独立的 进化事件或平行进化。 阐明 间歇性和广泛发生的潜在机制 自然和应用系统的多态性将有助于 关于选择如何运作的知识。

Polymorphism refers to the occurrence of several different discontinuous forms within a single interbreeding population, and frequently involves color. A number of mechanisms have been advanced to explain the occurrence of such polymorphisms, yet the explanations are seldom conclusive. The proposal here focuses on the fact that polymorphism frequently appear in an intermittent fashion among representatives of any given lineage. The study focuses on the Hawaiian spider Theridion grallator which demonstrates a highly visible state of polymorphism. The pattern of inheritance of the polymorphism in T. grallator will be examined in order to determine: (1) why different populations appear to exhibit modes of inheritance of the polymorphism; and (2) whether the observed superficial similarities between T. grallator and Enoplognatha ovata, a distantly related species, have a similar mechanism of inheritance. The study will then examine the distribution of such similar color polymorphism within the spider lineage, and assesses whether similarities among unrelated representatives of the lineage are repeated independent evolutionary events or parallel evolution. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the intermittent and widespread occurrence of polymorphism in both natural and applied systems will contribute to the knowledge of how selection operates.