Observational and Modeling Studies of the Mesoscale Land-Air-Sea Interaction Processes during GALE (1986)

大风期间中尺度陆-空-海相互作用过程的观测和模拟研究（1986）

• 批准号: 9212636
• 负责人: Sethu Raman
• 金额: $ 37.5万
• 依托单位: North Carolina State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-02-01 至 1998-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9212636&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Observational; Modeling; Studies; Mesoscale; Land

The rapid development and intensification of winter cyclones in coastal regions presents a major weather forecasting problem. Along the eastern seaboard, the development of cyclonic storms and frontal systems often occurs along the coastal region of the Carolinas. These weather systems may lead to severe weather in the heavily populated Northeast Corridor in the form of freezing rain, heavy snowfall, blizzards and extensive coastal erosion. In order to study these phenomena, the National Science Foundation sponsored an intensive field investigation known as the Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment (GALE). The field phase of the GALE was a two- month, multi-agency endeavor executed during the winter of 1986. As part of the GALE, the Principal Investigator was instrumental in designing and implementing a network to study the redistribution of heat and moisture in the lowest three kilometers of the atmopshere over the ocean which is known as the marine boundary layer (MBL). The MBL and ocean-atmosphere interaction processes appear to play an important role in the genesis of cyclones or in the intensification of an existing cyclone. Analysis to date has demonstrated the importance of the Gulf Stream and the land-air-sea interface in both the intensification of cyclonic storms and the formation of frontal systems. Low level forcing by boundary layer circulations and increase in baroclinic instability in the boundary layer appear to be primary mechanisms for storm intensification. Additionally, it has been found that differential boundary layer modification may be the main mechanism for the formation of some coastal fronts. Through diagnostic studies of the data collected during the GALE and numerical modeling the Principal Investigator will continue to explore the dynamics of coastal cyclogenesis and cyclonic storm intensification. Scientific questions to be addressed include: What is the relative contribution of surface forcing versus upper level forcing in offshore cyclogenesis? What is the relationship between the coastal frontogenesis and incipient cyclogenesis? What is the effect of coastal curvature on the offshore cyclogenesis? What is the role of the diurnal variation of the land processes on the coastal front?

沿海地区冬季气旋的快速发展和强化提出了一个主要的天气预报问题。 沿着东部沿海地区，旋风风暴和额叶系统的发展经常发生在卡罗来纳州的沿海地区。 这些天气系统可能会导致人口稠密的东北走廊的恶劣天气，形式是降雨，大雪，暴风雪和广泛的沿海侵蚀。 为了研究这些现象，国家科学基金会赞助了一项被称为“大西洋低谷实验的起源”（Gale）的密集现场调查。 大风的田间阶段是在1986年冬季进行的两个月的多机构努力。作为大风的一部分，主要研究人员在设计和实施网络方面发挥了重要作用，以研究在atmopshere最低三公里的海洋中最低三公里的热量和水分的重新分布，这是海洋上的海洋边界层（MBL）。 MBL和海洋 - 大气相互作用过程似乎在旋风的起源或现有旋风的强化中起重要作用。 迄今为止的分析表明，海湾流和陆地空界面在旋风风暴的强化和额叶系统的形成中的重要性。 边界层循环的低水平强迫和边界层的斜压不稳定性的增加似乎是风暴强化的主要机制。 此外，已经发现，差分边界层修饰可能是形成某些沿海阵线的主要机制。 通过对大风和数值模型中收集的数据的诊断研究，主要研究者将继续探索沿海环生成和旋风风暴强化的动力学。 要解决的科学问题包括：在离岸环生成中，表面强迫与上层强迫的相对贡献是什么？ 沿海额叶生成与起步循环发生之间有什么关系？ 沿海曲率对离岸环生成的影响是什么？ 土地过程在沿海沿岸的昼夜变化是什么作用？