Patterns, Scale, and Hydrology in a Semi-Arid Catchment

半干旱流域的模式、规模和水文

• 批准号: 9219274
• 负责人: M. Wolman
• 金额: $ 14.94万
• 依托单位: Johns Hopkins University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-03-15 至 1997-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9219274&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Patterns; Scale; Hydrology; Semi; Arid

The proposed research is directed toward 1) identifying patterns of landscape properties including soil texture; vegetation and micro- and macro-topography and 2) determining the way in which these patterns influence hydrologic behavior of a semi-arid catchment in eastern Washington state. Because variations in these landscape properties occur at various scales, observations of the distributions will be made at scales ranging from field mapping to low-and high-altitude aerial photography. Spatial analysis techniques will be applied to mathematically characterize patterns in the distributions of the hydrology-affecting properties. Patterns at successive scales will then be superimposed in an effort to determine how the interacting processes and their scale dependencies reflect the basin hydrologic response. The distributions of the hydrology-affecting properties on the landscape will be correlated to measured hydrologic performance, emphasizing infiltration and soil moisture because runoff is rare in the region. It is expected that these combinations of patterns at various scales will be reflected in the dynamics of the hydrologic processes; including infiltration, evapotranspiration, runoff, and recharge. Description of landscape patterns and their properties at different scales, along with their relationship to hydrologic processes, should provide insight into the mechanisms by which landscape features and hydrologic processes interact.

建议的研究是针对1）识别模式 景观特性，包括土壤质地、植被和 微观和宏观地形和2）确定的方式， 这些模式影响了半干旱区的水文行为， 位于华盛顿州东部的一个集水区。 因为这些变化 景观特性发生在不同的尺度上， 将以从实地测绘到 低空和高空航空摄影。 空间分析 技术将被应用于数学表征模式 在水文影响属性的分布中。 连续比例的图案将以 努力确定相互作用的过程及其规模 相关性反映了流域水文响应。 的 影响水文特性的分布 景观将与测量的水文性能相关， 强调渗透和土壤水分，因为径流很少 本地区 预计这些图案的组合 在不同的规模将反映在动态的 水文过程;包括渗透，蒸散， 径流和补给 景观格局描述及其 不同尺度的属性，沿着它们与 水文过程，应提供深入了解的机制， 景观特征和水文过程相互作用的机制。