Test Morphogenesis in Giant Antarctic Foraminifera

测试巨型南极有孔虫的形态发生

• 批准号: 9220146
• 负责人: Samuel Bowser
• 金额: $ 34.2万
• 依托单位: Health Research Incorporated/New York State Department of Health
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-06-01 至 1998-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9220146&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Test; Morphogenesis; Giant; Antarctic; Foraminifera

Some types of foraminiferan protozoa produce shells composed of mineral grains tightly bound by a chemically-resistant, biological cement. During shell development, these single celled animals collect mineral grains from the sediment and secrete cement in the proper amount and location to sculpt architecturally elegant structures. The high abundance of certain giant species at an antarctic collection site makes the foraminiferan community there uniquely suited for studying specific aspects of such shell construction, and for addressing related questions concerning the evolution of the group. Studies on the development of these structures will focus on a giant one-celled species that allows the study of the secretion of cement in a cold-adapted marine organism without the complications of cell to cell and cell to tissue interactions common to multicellular animals. Studies using time-lapse videomicroscopy, light- and electron-microscopic cell chemistry and gel electrophoresis will provide information on this kind of test construction at the cellular and biochemical levels of analysis. Materials testing combined with structural modelling will characterize the mechanical properties of the cement. From a practical standpoint, this environmentally-safe cement binds immunoglobulins and has useful material properties that may have applied biotechnological or biomedical applications. Finally, molecular genetic analyses of selected species, will provide a much-needed framework for determining the evolution of this important protozoan group. This highly interdisciplinary project is made possible by new advances in biotechnology, and has both basic and applied implications for a variety of fields, including medicine, molecular pharmacology, protozoan development and evolution, paleontology, engineering, and marine products chemistry to name a few.

某些类型的有孔虫原生动物产生的外壳由 矿物颗粒被一种耐化学腐蚀的， 生物水泥 在贝壳发育过程中，这些单细胞 动物从沉积物中收集矿物颗粒并分泌 水泥在适当的数量和位置雕刻 优雅的建筑结构。 高丰度的 在南极采集点的某些巨型物种 那里的有孔虫群落非常适合研究 这种壳体结构的具体方面，以及为了解决 有关该集团演变的相关问题。 研究 这些结构的发展将集中在一个巨大的 单细胞物种，允许研究的分泌， 在一个寒冷的海洋生物中， 细胞与细胞和细胞与组织相互作用的并发症 多细胞动物常见的 使用延时摄影的研究 视频显微镜、光镜和电子显微镜细胞化学 凝胶电泳将提供这种 在细胞和生物化学水平上的测试构建， 分析. 材料测试结合结构建模 将表征水泥的机械性能。从 从实用的角度来看，这种对环境安全的水泥 免疫球蛋白，并具有有用的材料特性， 应用生物技术或生物医学应用。 最后， 对选定物种的分子遗传分析将提供 一个非常需要的框架，以确定这一演变， 重要的原生动物群。 这个高度跨学科的项目 生物技术的新进展使之成为可能， 各种领域的基本和应用影响，包括 医学、分子药理学、原生动物发育和 进化论、古生物学、工程学和海洋产品 化学，举几个例子。