Evolution and Distribution of Trichomycete Gut Fungi in Arthropods

节肢动物肠道真菌的进化和分布

• 批准号: 9220518
• 负责人: Robert Lichtwardt
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Kansas Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-03-01 至 1996-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9220518&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Evolution; Distribution; Trichomycete; Gut; Fungi

Trichomycetes are commensalistic fungi that live obligately in the guts of various insects, crustaceans, and millipedes. The variety of host and habitats, the worldwide occurrence of all families, and the intercontinental distribution of some genera of these fungi indicate that the relationship with arthropods is very ancient. Dr. Robert Lichtwardt of the University of Kansas seeks to understand how and when trichomycetes evolved and became geographically distributed with their arthropod hosts. Data from Australia and New Zealand suggest that some fungal taxa may have had common ancestors on Gondwana at least 70-80 million years ago. Evidence to support the Gondwanan origin of austral trichomycetes will be sought in southern South America. Studies of other gut fungi in marine, terrestrial, and freshwater arthropods may provide evidence of how long certain species have been radiating with their hosts, and the roles of dispersal and vicariance in allopatric distributions. Phylogenetic analysis of trichomycete genera will assist in understanding their evolution and biogeography, and isozyme phenotypes of cultured isolates from different geographical regions of the world will provide some information on species variability. Harpellales, whose species grow only in larval stages of aquatic insects, will be studied to see whether or not their propagules can disperse phoretically with adults.

毛霉菌是一种共生真菌，主要生活在各种昆虫、甲壳类和千足类动物的肠道中。寄主和栖息地的多样性，所有科的全球分布，以及这些真菌中一些属的洲际分布表明，这些真菌与节肢动物的关系非常古老。堪萨斯大学的Robert Lichtwardt博士试图了解毛滴虫是如何以及何时进化的，并与它们的节肢动物宿主一起在地理上分布。来自澳大利亚和新西兰的数据表明，一些真菌类群可能在至少7,000万-8,000万年前就在冈瓦那拥有共同的祖先。将在南美洲南部寻找支持南极洲毛滴虫起源的证据。对海洋、陆地和淡水节肢动物中其他肠道真菌的研究可能会提供证据，证明某些物种已经与宿主一起辐射了多久，以及扩散和替代在异地分布中的作用。毛霉菌属的系统发育分析将有助于了解它们的进化和生物地理学，而来自世界不同地理区域的培养菌株的同工酶表型将提供一些关于物种多样性的信息。Harpellales的物种只生长在水生昆虫的幼虫阶段，将对其进行研究，看看它们的繁殖体是否可以与成虫一起扩散。