Multivalent Structure

摘要 社会态度通常被描述为 积极、中立或消极。 然而，人们经常表示， 对重要社会话题的矛盾态度-包括 积极情绪和消极情绪的混合体。 比如说， 过去20年的研究表明，许多美国人 他们对少数民族和 身体残疾的人。 矛盾心理有助于解释为什么 一个人有时可能会以一种 有利或有益的方式，而在其他时候，在不利或 伤害的方式。 目前的研究涉及两个重要的，但 态度矛盾心理研究中尚未解决的问题。 的 问题是，目前还没有令人满意的方法， 衡量矛盾心理 因此，本研究的一部分重点是 开发有效和可靠的测量程序。 的 新程序将促进研究进展， 在记录和存档公众舆论的持续努力中应用 重要的社会问题。 第二个问题是 对它的结构和功能知之甚少。 矛盾的态度 目前人们认为， 是由基本价值观的冲突引起的， 真正做到正反两方面的同时坚持 时间 然而，矛盾心理也可能反映出发育不良， 社会态度，或者它可能反映了故意的努力， 在当时最受欢迎的社会形象。 本研究 试图区分不同的解释， 研究与存储相关的认知过程， 恢复矛盾的态度。 这些研究将提供一个 更深刻地理解为什么人们总是对 态度。 最终，该研究将提供一个理论 制定干预措施的基础， 和谐，鼓励健康的生活方式， 国家为消除社会和物质障碍所做的努力 残疾人经常面临的问题。

ABSTRACT Social attitudes are typically described as being either positive, neutral, or negative. However, people often express ambivalence on important social topics -- attitudes that contain a mixture of both positive and negative sentiments. For example, research over the past 20 years has shown that many Americans are ambivalent in their attitudes toward racial minorities and toward physically disabled persons. Ambivalence helps to explain why a person might sometimes treat members of a stigmatized group in a favorable or helpful way, and at other times in an unfavorable or hurtful way. The present research addresses two important but unresolved problems in research on attitude ambivalence. The problem is that satisfactory methods do not yet exist for measuring ambivalence. Thus, one part of this research focuses on developing a valid and reliable measurement procedure. The new procedure will facilitate research progress and can be applied in ongoing efforts to document and archive public opinion on important social concerns. The second problem is that relatively little is known about the structure and function of ambivalent attitudes. it is currently believed that ambivalence is caused by a conflict in fundamental values, and that people truly adhere to both positive and negative sentiments at the same time. However, ambivalence may also reflect poorly developed social attitudes, or it may reflect deliberate efforts to present whatever social image is most desired at the time. This research seeks to distinguish among the alternative explanations by studying cognitive processes associated with the storage and retrieval of ambivalent attitudes. The studies will provide a deeper understanding of why people often hold ambivalent attitudes. Ultimately, the research will provide a theoretical basis for developing interventions that promote interracial harmony, that encourage healthful lifestyles, and that mobilize the Nation's efforts to remove the social and physical barriers that often confront disabled persons.