Preattentive and Attentive Visual Information Processing

预先注意和注意的视觉信息处理

• 批准号: 8919554
• 负责人: Howard Egeth
• 金额: $ 29.69万
• 依托单位: Johns Hopkins University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-07-15 至 1994-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8919554&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Preattentive; Attentive; Visual; Information; Processing

This research will explore visual processing of complex displays. The basic question addressed is whether processing in such displays is serial or parallel. In other words, the research asks what determines the extent to which people can grasp or apprehend several objects simultaneously (parallel processing), as opposed to one object at a time (serial processing). A necesary prerequisite to exploration of the determinants of parallel and serial processing is quantitative methods that will permit characterization of performance in a particular situation as parallel or serial. Development of such methods has proven to be a difficult task. Several methods proposed in the past to characterize processing mode have been shown to be problematic. This research will explore the use of several "diagnostics" that should allow a clear determination of processing mode when they are applied simultaneously. The first part of the research will consist of an effort to validate the potentially useful diagnostics. Following this validation, the research will turn to exploration of what determines whether search is parallel, serial, or perhaps something else in between. One crucial variable is the complexity of the stimulus. Processing should be parallel when the subject has an easy task such as locating a single red target in a background of blue distractors, but what will happen if the target is defined as red and square, and the background consists of red circles and blue squares? Such conjunctively defined targets have sometimes been reported to require serial processing; if the present research confirms (or refutes) this with new and improved diagnostics it will have important theoretical repercussions. In addition to stimulus complexity, this research will explore the effects of several other factors, such as the distance between the elements of a display and the spatial patterns formed by the elements of a display. It is important to know about the effects of these factors for two reasons. For one, they are of practical importance in designing equipment that maximizes effective performance when people are interacting with machines. For another, analysis of these effects will help researchers to develop theoretical models of visual processing.

本研究将探索复杂显示的视觉处理。 处理的基本问题是， 显示器是串行或并行的。 换句话说， 问什么决定了人们能掌握或 同时捕获多个对象（并行处理）， 而不是一次处理一个对象（串行处理）。 探讨确定性的一个先决条件 并行和串行处理是定量方法， 允许对特定情况下的业绩进行定性 并行或串行。 这些方法的发展已经证明， 是一项艰巨的任务。 过去提出的几种方法， 特征化处理模式已经被证明是有问题的。 这项研究将探讨使用几种“诊断”， 应当允许清楚地确定处理模式， 同时应用。 研究的第一部分将包括努力 验证可能有用的诊断。 在此之后 验证，研究将转向探索什么 确定搜索是并行的、串行的还是 介于两者之间的东西 一个关键的变量是 刺激的复杂性。 处理应该是并行的， 受试者具有简单任务，例如定位单个红色目标 在蓝色干扰物的背景下，但是如果 目标被定义为红色和正方形，背景由 红色圆圈和蓝色方块？ 如此结合定义 据报道，目标有时需要连续的 如果目前的研究证实（或反驳）了这一点， 随着新的和改进的诊断， 理论上的反响。 除了刺激的复杂性，这项研究将探讨 其他一些因素的影响，如距离 在显示器的元件和形成的空间图案之间 通过显示器的元件。 重要的是要了解 这些因素的影响有两个原因。 首先，他们是 设计设备的实际重要性， 当人与机器交互时的有效性能。 另一方面，分析这些影响将有助于研究人员 发展视觉处理的理论模型。