Collaborative Research: Flux and Fate of Sediment and Water from Small, Mountainous Rivers to the Continental Margin: The Gulf of Alaska Example

题目：从山地小河流到大陆边缘的泥沙和水的通量和命运：阿拉斯加湾的例子直接从山区流入海洋的小河携带的泥沙比通常想象的要多，其中相当大的比例可能在海平面高的时候逃逸到更深的水域。该奖项支持对全新世河流沉积物流入阿拉斯加湾的研究，阿拉斯加湾的小支流通常是北美最大的沉积物供应者。阿拉斯加河流相对不受人类活动的影响，尽管冰川活动导致的沉积物产生量高于其他具有类似流域的河流。高分辨率地震剖面与先前收集的地震数据相结合，将能够识别大陆架和斜坡上的沉积物积聚和排放模式，并追踪由偶发事件（洪水）产生的单个沉积层。沉积学数据将有助于确定逃逸路线/过程，各种放射性定年法将显示出发生的频率和积累的速度。相将通过成分和结构分析来确定，陆架沉积物中陆相颗粒和有机物的来源（和命运）也将确定。沉积物有机质中总有机碳和总氮、d13C、d15N和木质素氧化产物的测量将用于确定沉积物中积累的有机质的数量和来源。同时还将评价控制地层形成的同期海洋过程。这些信息将有助于解释地震剖面和取心所观察到的较老地层。

Abstract ATM-9222405 Milliman, John D. The College of William and Mary Title: Flux and Fate of Sediment and Water from Small, Mountainous Rivers to the Continental Margin: The Gulf of Alaska Example Small rivers charging directly from mountains into the ocean carry greater sediment loads than commonly envisioned, a relatively great percentage of which may escape to deeper waters during high stands of sea level. This award supports a study of the flux of Holocene fluvial sediment into the Gulf of Alaska, whose generally small tributary rivers are collectively the largest supplier of sediment from North America. Alaskan rivers are relatively uninfluenced by human activities, although glacial activity has resulted in higher sediment yields than noted for other rivers with similar drainage areas. High-resolution seismic profiling, in conjunction with seismic data previously collected, will allow the identification of sediment accumulation and discharge patterns on the shelf and slope, as well as trace individual sediment layers derived from episodic (flood) events. Sedimentological data will help define the escape routes/processes, and a variety of radiometric datings will show frequency of occurrence and rates of accumulation. Facies will be defined by compositional and textural analyses, as will be sources (and fates) of terrigneous grains and organic matter in shelf sediments. Measurements of total organic carbon and total nitrogen, d13C, d15N, and lignin oxidation productions in sediment organic matter will be used to determine the amount and source of organic matter accumulating in the sediments. Contemporaneous oceanographic processes controlling strata formation will also be evaluated. This information should help in the interpretation of the older strata observed by seismic profiling and coring.