Long-Range Atmospheric Transport and its Relationship to Air/Snow/Ice Chemistry at Summit, Greenland

这是四个协调项目之一，这些项目将利用在格陵兰内陆冰盖上建立的营地设施，作为全球地理信息系统-2冰芯钻探工作的一部分，以便调查大气微量元素如何沉积在冰上以及它们在被纳入冰中时经历了什么样的变化。为了正确地解释可以从冰芯中恢复的代用气候数据，了解这些过程是必要的。虽然最近在提取和分析冰芯方面取得了重大进展，但在了解反应性化学物质的空气到雪的转移过程方面进展滞后。该项目的目标是提供对影响格陵兰冰盖降水化学的大气输送过程的详细了解。在有可靠的全球气象档案的时期内，对空气-雪-冰化学测量的变化进行研究，将使我们能够将冰芯化学-大气输送的联系向后推到气象资料不存在的时期。​了解远距离大气输送是了解空雪输送过程的基础。回收的冰芯含有杂质和成分，它们的来源很远，被大气环流带到格陵兰岛的内部。沿地核的冰的物理和化学成分的变化在很大程度上反映了大气环流模式的变化。作为该项目的一部分，将编制一份长期大气轨迹气候学，并对观测到的输送模式的季节和年际变化进行审查。

This is one of four coordinated projects that will make use of the camp facilities established on the ice sheet in the interior of Greenland as part of the GISP-2 ice core drilling effort, in order to investigate how atmospheric trace elements are deposited on the ice and what kind of changes they undergo as they are being incorporated into the ice. An understanding of such processes is necessary in order to properly interpret the proxy climate data that can be recovered from ice cores. While significant progress has been made recently in extracting and analyzing ice cores, progress in understanding the air to snow transfer process for reactive chemical species has lagged behind. The goal of this project is to provide a detailed understanding of the atmospheric transport processes that influence the precipitation chemistry over the Greenland ice sheet. The examination of variations in air-snow-ice chemistry measurements during the time for which reliable global meteorological archives are available will allow the extrapolation of the ice core chemistry-atmospheric transport link backward in time to periods for which meteorological information does not exist. Knowledge of long-range atmospheric transport is basic to the air- snow transfer process. The recovered ice cores contain impurities and components whose sources are distant, and which were carried by the atmospheric circulation to the interior of Greenland. Variations in the physical and chemical composition of the ice along the core reflects to a large extent variations in atmospheric circulation patterns. As part of this project a long-term atmospheric trajectory climatology will be prepared as well as an examination of the seasonal and interannual variability of observed transport patterns.