Climatology of the Arctic Planetary Boundary Layer and Temperature Inversion

该项目将汇编一套关于北纬65度以北的对流层低层温度结构的气候学数据，重点是边界层深度和逆温强度。将对现有的温度探测数据进行整理，以建立一个覆盖整个北极的同类数据库。以北极为特征的对流层低层逆温通过影响能量和动量交换、痕量气体和污染物扩散、冰晶形成和边界层臭氧破坏，对北极气-海-冰耦合过程的许多方面产生重大影响。鉴于气候模型预测微量气体引起的气候变暖将在极地地区最为明显，气候变化可能最容易从边界层结构的长期变化中检测到。对北极边界层特征的空间和时间尺度的了解是若干大气过程的中心。其主要目标是建立一个单一的综合数据集，从中发展北极温度逆温和边界层参数的代表性气候学。将分析来自陆地站、船舶和冰岛的Rawinsonde数据以及飞机降落探空仪数据，以确定逆温深度、逆温基数和风、温度和湿度的垂直梯度等参数的时空趋势。

This project will compile a climatological data set of the temperature structure of the lower troposphere north of 65 deg N latitude with particular emphasis on the boundary layer depth and temperature inversion strength. Existing temperature soundings will be collated to produce a homogeneous arctic-wide data base. The lower tropospheric temperature inversion that is characteristic of the arctic exerts a substantial influence on many aspects of coupled arctic air-sea-ice processes by affecting, for example, the energy and momentum exchange, trace gas and pollutant dispersion, ice crystal formation, and boundary layer ozone destruction. Given the fact that climatic models predict that trace gas induced warming will be most pronounced in polar regions, climate changes may be most easily detectable in secular changes in the structure of the boundary layer. An understanding of the spatial and temporal scales of the arctic boundary layer characteristics is central to a number of atmospheric processes. The primary goal is to establish a single comprehensive data set from which to develop a representative climatology of arctic temperature inversions and boundary layer parameters. Rawinsonde data from land stations, ships, and ice islands, as well as aircraft dropsonde data will be analyzed to determine spatial and temporal trends of such parameters as inversion depth, inversion base, and vertical gradients of wind, temperature, and humidity.