Climatology of the Arctic Planetary Boundary Layer and Temperature Inversion

本项目将编制北纬65度以北对流层下层温度结构的气候数据集，重点研究边界层深度和逆温强度。现有的温度探测结果将加以核对，以产生一个全北极范围的均匀数据库。北极特有的对流层下层温度逆温对北极气-海-冰耦合过程的许多方面产生重大影响，例如影响能量和动量交换、微量气体和污染物扩散、冰晶形成和边界层臭氧破坏。鉴于气候模式预测微量气体引起的变暖将在极地地区最为明显，气候变化可能最容易在边界层结构的长期变化中被探测到。了解北极边界层特征的时空尺度对许多大气过程至关重要。主要目标是建立一个单一的综合数据集，从中发展具有代表性的北极温度逆温气候学和边界层参数。分析陆站、船舶、冰岛的雷达探空数据，以及飞机投空探空数据，确定反演深度、反演基础、风、温度、湿度垂直梯度等参数的时空变化趋势。

This project will compile a climatological data set of the temperature structure of the lower troposphere north of 65 deg N latitude with particular emphasis on the boundary layer depth and temperature inversion strength. Existing temperature soundings will be collated to produce a homogeneous arctic-wide data base. The lower tropospheric temperature inversion that is characteristic of the arctic exerts a substantial influence on many aspects of coupled arctic air-sea-ice processes by affecting, for example, the energy and momentum exchange, trace gas and pollutant dispersion, ice crystal formation, and boundary layer ozone destruction. Given the fact that climatic models predict that trace gas induced warming will be most pronounced in polar regions, climate changes may be most easily detectable in secular changes in the structure of the boundary layer. An understanding of the spatial and temporal scales of the arctic boundary layer characteristics is central to a number of atmospheric processes. The primary goal is to establish a single comprehensive data set from which to develop a representative climatology of arctic temperature inversions and boundary layer parameters. Rawinsonde data from land stations, ships, and ice islands, as well as aircraft dropsonde data will be analyzed to determine spatial and temporal trends of such parameters as inversion depth, inversion base, and vertical gradients of wind, temperature, and humidity.