Studies Related to the Earth's Hot Oxygen Corona

[224988]理查兹地球的热氧日冕可能在地球上层大气的许多重要现象中起着重要的作用。这些现象包括：(1)夜间电离层的维持，(2)氦平衡（逸出通量），以及(3)向等离子层提供高能离子。在研究这些效应之前，有必要建立一个热氧的数值模型，其中将亚稳种作为重要的新来源进行猝灭。也有必要为热氮原子建立一个类似的模型，因为许多反应产生的高能氮原子可能会影响热氧地冕。新的热氧模型将采用两流方法，因为它的计算效率很高，并且已经成功地应用于地球和金星大气中的类似问题。此外，PI已经广泛使用二流方法来研究光电子和极光电子问题。这里提出的工作将通过加强我们对行星大气中轻气体逸出的理解以及更好地理解电离层和等离子层来促进知识的进步。如果我们要评估人类发展对大气可能产生的影响，这一点是极其重要的。这项工作将有助于教育，为学生提供电离层和热层的综合模型。＊＊＊

9224988 Richards The Earth's hot oxygen corona may play a significant role in a number of important phenomena in the Earth's upper atmosphere. These phenomena include (1) the maintenance of the night ionosphere, (2) the helium balance (escape flux), and (3) the supply of energetic ions to the plasmasphere. Before these effects can be studied, it will be necessary to develop a numerical model of hot oxygen which will include quenching of metastable species as important new sources. It will also be necessary to develop a similar model for hot nitrogen atoms because many reactions produce energetic nitrogen atoms which may impact the hot oxygen geocorona. The new hot oxygen model will employ the 2-stream approach because it is computationally efficient and has already been successfully applied to similar problems in the atmospheres of Earth and Venus. In addition, the PI has already used the 2-stream method extensively to study the photoelectron and auroral electron problems. The work proposed here will contribute to the advancement of knowledge by enhancing our understanding of the escape of light gases from planetary atmospheres and by a better understanding of the ionosphere and plasmasphere. This is extremely important if we are to assess the likely impact of human development on the atmosphere. The work will contribute to education by providing student access to our comprehensive model of the ionosphere and thermosphere. ***