VPW: Interaction Between the Syntactic & Phonological Components of Grammatical Theory (Linguistics)

虽然现在人们认为句法影响词后语音规则（p规则）的应用，但对语义的影响，特别是对这些规则的关注，却知之甚少。英语的节奏规则（RR）已经被发现对F很敏感，我们将详细研究它，以确定它在哪里以及如何应用。由于RR的应用领域通常被认为是语音短语，因此要解决的主要问题是如何将焦点与通常的句法信息一起作为输入，以应用于该领域内的p规则。此外，由于RR有助于一个句子的整体节奏模式，一个必须解决的问题是，是否存在一种普遍的语言节奏机制，也可以解释RR的影响，或者RR是否是英语特定语音系统的一部分，因此由一种不同于处理整体节奏变化的机制来处理。实验数据将用于研究本研究的核心理论问题，包括受试者朗读句子的录音：a)孤立的句子，b)嵌入段落的句子，c)特殊语调（即，是-否问题和怀疑模式）和d)重复讲话中的音节“ma”。从句法和焦点结构两方面来看，句子在不同的位置会包含适当的反读条件（即重音冲突）。这些录音将在感知上和声学上进行分析。本研究将探讨语法的语音成分的组织，以及它与语法的其他成分，特别是句法和语义的相互作用。该项目进一步推进了VPW项目的目标，即通过研究为女性提供在科学或工程领域发展的机会，并通过研究者在主办校园中作为榜样的知名度提高，鼓励其他女性在这些领域追求职业。有助于实现第二个目标的拟议活动包括：安排女研究生的每周会议，男研究生每月参加一次会议，重点是培养语言学职业所需的技能（摘要写作、会议演讲、进行研究、出版、申请和面试工作以及教学）——以及女性问题（针对单一性别的会议）；邀请在定期专题讨论会系列范围内邀请的杰出女性语言学家；在高级研讨会上教授音韵学与语法其他组成部分的相互作用。

While it is now accepted that syntax affects the application of postlexical phonological rules (P-rules), much less is known about the effect of semantics, in particular focus, on these rules. The Rhythm Rule (RR) of English, which has been found to be sensitive to F, will be examined in detail to determine precisely where and how it applies. Since the domain of application of RR is generally taken to be the Phonological Phrase, the main problem to be addressed is how focus can be taken as input, along with the usual syntactic information, to P-rules that apply within this domain. In addition, since RR contributes to the overall rhythmic pattern of a sentence, a question that must be addressed is whether there is one universal rhythmic mechanism of language that also accounts for the effects of RR or whether RR is part of the specific phonological system of English, and is thus treated by a mechanism distinct from that which handles overall rhythmic alternations. Experimental data, which will be brought to bear on the theoretical issues at the core of this research, will consist of recordings of subjects reading sentences a) in isolation, b) embedded in paragraphs, c) with special intonations (i.e., yes-no question and incredulity patterns) and d) with the syllable "ma" in reiterant speech. The sentences will contain the appropriate conditions for RR (i.e., stress clashes) in different positions with regard to both syntactic and focus structure. The recordings will be analyzed both perceptually and acoustically. The proposed research will investigate the organization of the phonological component of grammar as well as its interaction with other components of grammar, especially syntax and semantics. This project furthers VPW program objectives to provide opportunities for women to advance their careers in science or engineering through research, and to encourage other women to pursue careers in these areas through the investigator's enhanced visibility as a role model on the host campus. The proposed activities which contribute to the second objective include: arranging weekly meetings of the women graduate students, who will be joined once a month by male students, with emphasis placed on developing the skills needed for careers in linguistics (abstract writing, conference presentations, conducting research, publishing, applying and interviewing for jobs, and teaching)--and women's problems (for the single gender sessions); inviting prominent women linguists invited within the context of the regular colloquium series; and teaching an advanced seminar on the interactions of phonology with the other components of grammar.