Relating Zooid and Colony Growth in Modular Organisms Arborescent Cheilostome Bryozoans

模块化生物树状唇口动物苔藓虫中的类动物和菌落生长的关系

• 批准号: 9306729
• 负责人: Scott Lidgard
• 金额: $ 17万
• 依托单位: Field Museum of Natural History
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-12-01 至 1997-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9306729&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Relating; Zooid; Colony; Growth; Modular

9306729 Lidgard Unlike solitary animals such as dogs or cats, bryozoans are animal colonies. Each colony is made up of tens or even thousands of modules called zooids. The zooids within a colony often differ from one another in form, but share a similar kind of growth by budding from pre-existing zooids. This colonial organization thus introduces variation and complexity not found in the growth of solitary animals. Different arrangements of zooids and different budding processes allow bryozoan colonies to grow into a remarkable variety of forms, including vines, sheets, mounds and miniature "trees". Bryozoans are among the most diverse groups of bottom dwelling animals in marine and freshwater habitats. Yet skeletal anatomy related to budding and colony formation is unknown for many encrusting and most erect bryozoans because no broadly based study has been attempted. The purpose of this research is to analyze zooid and colony growth among tree-like cheilostome bryozoans and to fill critical gaps in neglected areas of cheilostome morphology. These comparative studies will allow (a) evaluation and extension of previous growth models based on studies of encrusting colonies to include newly recognized patterns in erect colonies, (b) assessment of the taxonomic distribution of characters related to zooid and colony growth, and (c) documentation of relationships among zooid form and budding patterns and colony form. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy will be used to compare growth patterns in both living and fossil groups. %%% Bryozoans are interesting and poorly understood colonial animals. What appears to be a single "tree-like" form may actually consist of thousands of individuals. This project will study patterns of colony growth both in living and fossil forms of these animals. Insights will be provides for a major group of animals whose higher level relationships are poorly resolved and whose fossil record contains muc h of the known diversity. ***

小行星9306729 与独居动物如狗或猫不同，苔藓虫是动物群体。 每一个群体都是由成千上万个模块组成的，这些模块被称为zooids。 一个群体中的动物体通常在形式上彼此不同，但通过从预先存在的动物体出芽而共享类似的生长。 因此，这种群体组织引入了独居动物生长中所没有的变异和复杂性。 不同的游动体排列方式和不同的出芽过程使苔藓虫群体能够长成各种各样的形态，包括藤蔓、片状、土丘和微型“树”。 苔藓虫是海洋和淡水栖息地中最多样化的底栖动物之一。 然而，骨骼解剖学有关的萌芽和殖民地的形成是未知的许多encrusting和最直立苔藓虫，因为没有广泛的基础上的研究已经尝试。 本研究的目的是分析树状唇口苔藓虫中的虫体和群体生长，并填补唇口形态学中被忽视的关键空白。 这些比较研究将允许（a）评价和扩展以前的生长模型的基础上的结壳殖民地的研究，包括新认识到的模式，直立殖民地，（B）评估的分类学分布的特征有关的zooid和殖民地的增长，和（c）文件的zooid的形式和萌芽模式和殖民地的形式之间的关系。 光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜将用于比较活的和化石组的生长模式。 %%% 苔藓虫是一种有趣而又知之甚少的群居动物。 看似单一的“树状”形态，实际上可能由数千个个体组成。 该项目将研究这些动物的活体和化石形式的群体生长模式。 深入了解将提供一个主要群体的动物，其更高层次的关系是解决不好，其化石记录包含了许多已知的多样性。 ***