Cationic Polymerizations in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

超临界二氧化碳中的阳离子聚合

• 批准号: 9310398
• 负责人: Joseph Kennedy
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: University of Akron
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-07-01 至 1997-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9310398&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Cationic; Polymerizations; Supercritical; Carbon; Dioxide

Carbocationic polymerizations are used extensively in large volume industrial processes (for example, butyl rubbers and isobutylene-based industries). These polymerizations are commonly carried out in toxic chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents, many thousands of pounds of which end up yearly in the atmosphere. This project is an investigation into the possibility of replacing these polluting solvents with the environmentally neutral, inexpensive carbon dioxide as the all-purpose solvents for Friedel-Crafts acids mediated polymerizations, and beyond these, to Friedel-Crafts acid catalyzed reactions in general. The first specific thrust will be the demonstration that the toxic solvents can be replaced with supercritical carbon dioxide in carbocationic polymerizations and copolymerizations, and to elucidate the scope and fundamentals of these processes. This will be followed by explorations into Friedel-Crafts acid catalyzed reactions, such as alkylation, sulfonation, acetylation, etc. The effects of pressure, temperature, and reagent concentrations in supercritical carbon dioxide will be explored. The initial phase of the polymerization studies will concern common monomers (isobutylene, styrene and its derivatives, and conjugated dienes such as isoprene), coinitiators, and small amounts of additives (cosolvents, proton traps, electron donors, and salts).

碳阳离子聚合广泛应用于大量工业过程中（例如，丁基橡胶和基于异丁烯的工业）。这些聚合通常是在有毒的氯化烃溶剂中进行的，每年有成千上万磅的氯化烃最终进入大气。这个项目是对用环境中性、廉价的二氧化碳代替这些污染溶剂的可能性的调查，作为弗里德尔-克拉夫特酸介导聚合的通用溶剂，除此之外，到弗里德尔-克拉夫特酸催化反应。第一个具体的重点将是证明在碳阳离子聚合和共聚中有毒溶剂可以用超临界二氧化碳代替，并阐明这些过程的范围和基本原理。随后将探索弗里德尔-克拉夫特酸催化反应，如烷基化、磺化、乙酰化等。压力、温度和试剂浓度对超临界二氧化碳的影响将被探讨。聚合研究的初始阶段将涉及常见单体（异丁烯、苯乙烯及其衍生物和共轭二烯，如异戊二烯）、共引发剂和少量添加剂（共溶剂、质子陷阱、电子供体和盐）。