Dissertation Research: The Consequences of Selection for Increased and Decreased Glucosinolate Production in Brassica

9310992马奎斯模型预测了植物应该进化出的对抗潜在食草动物的最佳防御“策略”，已经承担了防御成本。但是，对于防卫费用是否存在或以何种形式表现，没有普遍的一致意见。这项研究将记录与生产一组特定的防御性化学物质（硫代葡萄糖苷或芥菜油）有关的成本的存在或不存在。这将通过人工选择实验来完成。通过根据硫代葡萄糖苷含量选择rapa种群，可以通过检查这种选择对其他非选择性状的影响来记录防御成本及其表现形式。潜在的成本将以降低植物的生存、生长和繁殖、叶片单宁含量、叶片毛羽和耐受食草动物伤害的能力的形式来寻找。此外，还将研究这种选择对一种专一食草动物（rapae Pieris）和一种通才食草动物（Trichoplusia ni）产生抗性的结果。阐明与防御相关的成本对基础科学很重要，因为它将帮助我们确定植物对食草动物施加的选择的进化反应是如何以及何时受到限制的。此外，它对应用科学也很重要，因为草食动物是农业、林业和园艺的主要害虫。控制其危害最常用的方法是使用化学农药，这可能对环境造成严重后果。了解植物防御的进化可以帮助我们确定何时培育抗草食植物在经济上是可行的，从而减少我们对化学农药的依赖。[*** *王海峰，刘建军，李建军，等。基于马奎斯模型的植物对抗潜在食草动物的最佳防御策略研究[J] .浙江农业大学学报（自然科学版）[J]​!!！f !F (Times New Roman Symbol & Arial " h + e+ e X摘要论文研究伊丽莎白M.贝伦斯伊丽莎白M.贝伦斯

9310992 Marquis Models that predict the optimal defense 'strategy' that plants should evolve to combat potential herbivores have assumed a cost of defense. However, there is no general agreement as to whether costs of defense exist or in what form they may be manifested. This research will document the presence or absence of costs associated with the production of a specific group of defensive chemicals (glucosinolates or mustard oils) in Brassica rapa. This will be done using artificial selection experiments. By selecting populations of B. rapa for glucosinolate content, costs of defense and the form in which they are manifested can be documented by examining the effects of this selection on other, non-selected characters. Potential costs will be looked for in the form of reduced plant survival, growth, and reproduction, leaf tannin content, leaf hairiness, and ability to tolerate herbivore damage. Further, the consequences this selection has for realized resistance against a specialist (Pieris rapae) and a generalist (Trichoplusia ni) herbivore will also be examined. %%% Elucidation of the costs associated with defense is important to basic science in that it will help us to determine how and when the evolutionary response of plants to selection imposed by herbivores may be constrained. In addition it is important to applied science, because herbivores are major pests of agriculture, forestry and horticulture. The most common method used to control their damage is the application of chemical pesticides, which can have serious environmental consequences. Understanding the evolution of defenses in plant s can help us determine when breeding herbivore resistant plants is economically practical, thereby decreasing our reliance on chemical pesticides. *** F G H I J K L M N O P Q S T U V W X \ _ ` a b c d f g h i j k m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { 9310992 Marquis Models that predict the optimal defense 'strategy' that plants should evolve to combat potential herbivores A I J N w } ~ ! ! !f ! F ( Times New Roman Symbol & Arial " h + e+ e X Abstract Dissertation Research Elizabeth M. Behrens Elizabeth M. Behrens