Dissertation Research: The Consequences of Selection for Increased and Decreased Glucosinolate Production in Brassica

9310992个预测植物进化以对抗潜在食草动物的最佳防御“策略”的侯爵模型假定了防御成本。然而，对于辩护费用是否存在或可能以何种形式表现出来，并没有达成普遍的共识。这项研究将记录与在油菜中生产特定防御性化学品(硫代葡萄糖酸盐或芥子油)相关的成本是否存在。这将通过人工选择实验来完成。通过为硫代葡萄糖苷含量选择油菜种群，可以通过检查这种选择对其他未被选择的性状的影响来记录防御成本和它们的表现形式。潜在的成本将以降低植物存活、生长和繁殖、叶片单宁含量、叶片毛羽和容忍食草动物损害的能力的形式进行寻找。此外，这一选择对实现对专家(菜粉蝶)和多面手(Ni)草食动物的抗性的影响也将得到检验。阐明与防御相关的成本对基础科学很重要，因为它将帮助我们确定植物对食草动物施加的选择的进化反应可能如何以及何时受到限制。此外，它对应用科学也很重要，因为食草动物是农业、林业和园艺业的主要害虫。控制其危害的最常见方法是使用化学杀虫剂，这可能会对环境造成严重后果。了解植物的防御进化S可以帮助我们确定何时培育抗草食植物在经济上是可行的，从而减少我们对化学杀虫剂的依赖。*F G H I J K L M N O P Q S T U V W X‘a b c d f g h i j k m n o p Q r S T u v w x y z{9310992预测植物应对潜在食草动物A I J N W应进化出的最佳防御‘策略’的侯爵模型！F！F(Times New Roman Symbol&amp；Arial“h+e+e X摘要论文研究)伊丽莎白·M·贝伦斯伊丽莎白·M·贝伦斯

9310992 Marquis Models that predict the optimal defense 'strategy' that plants should evolve to combat potential herbivores have assumed a cost of defense. However, there is no general agreement as to whether costs of defense exist or in what form they may be manifested. This research will document the presence or absence of costs associated with the production of a specific group of defensive chemicals (glucosinolates or mustard oils) in Brassica rapa. This will be done using artificial selection experiments. By selecting populations of B. rapa for glucosinolate content, costs of defense and the form in which they are manifested can be documented by examining the effects of this selection on other, non-selected characters. Potential costs will be looked for in the form of reduced plant survival, growth, and reproduction, leaf tannin content, leaf hairiness, and ability to tolerate herbivore damage. Further, the consequences this selection has for realized resistance against a specialist (Pieris rapae) and a generalist (Trichoplusia ni) herbivore will also be examined. %%% Elucidation of the costs associated with defense is important to basic science in that it will help us to determine how and when the evolutionary response of plants to selection imposed by herbivores may be constrained. In addition it is important to applied science, because herbivores are major pests of agriculture, forestry and horticulture. The most common method used to control their damage is the application of chemical pesticides, which can have serious environmental consequences. Understanding the evolution of defenses in plant s can help us determine when breeding herbivore resistant plants is economically practical, thereby decreasing our reliance on chemical pesticides. *** F G H I J K L M N O P Q S T U V W X \ _ ` a b c d f g h i j k m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { 9310992 Marquis Models that predict the optimal defense 'strategy' that plants should evolve to combat potential herbivores A I J N w } ~ ! ! !f ! F ( Times New Roman Symbol & Arial " h + e+ e X Abstract Dissertation Research Elizabeth M. Behrens Elizabeth M. Behrens