The Academic Research Climate and Technological Innovations

WPC7 2 B V 不 W 10节距e z N x x x， X @ ; HP LaserJet Series II HPLASEII.PRS X 6 X @ 8个; h 0 2 5 E V S Z #|X 10cpi ? x x x， K x 6 X @ 8 ; X @ HP LaserJet Series II HPLASEII.PRS X 6 X @ 8 ;， t 0 OpX @ 2 5 小行星9314152 * 自第二次世界大战以来，美国的研究型大学在基础研究方面取得了世界领先的地位。 在过去的十年里，这些大学一直面临着为国家经济发展做出贡献的压力。 特别是，它们被要求将新的科学进步成果转化为提供经济利益的技术。 该项目旨在审查大学在多大程度上正在改变其研究方向，并确定与随之而来的文化变化有关并影响其变化的结构和环境因素。 如果大学的研究氛围正在发生根本性的转变，这将对国家的技术转让战略产生重要影响。 这种转变意味着，研究型大学可能比一般认为的更有能力在技术创新的开发和部署方面发挥更大的作用。 同样重要的是，这项研究的结果将增加一个新的知识层面，在当代美国社会的研究型大学不断发展的作用搜索。 为了验证这种文化变化和相关假设，建议者打算：（1）调查各种各样的受访者，包括部门主席和他们的部门成员，研究中心和研究所主任，研究副总裁和知识产权经理;以及（2）进行实地访谈，对调查阶段出现的五所研究机构进行案例研究，因为它们已经改变了研究方向明显多于或明显少于调查中的其他人。 将研究14个自变量，包括地区差异、土地授予状况、学科和国家研究支持的数量。

WPC7 2 B V T W Courier 10 pitch e z N x x x , x @ ; HP LaserJet Series II HPLASEII.PRS x 6 X @ 8 ; h 0 Õd 2 5 E V S Z #| x Courier 10cpi ? x x x , k x 6 X @ 8 ; X @ HP LaserJet Series II HPLASEII.PRS x 6 X @ 8 ; , t 0 OpX @ 2 5 9314152 Lee * Since World War II, research universities in the U.S. have achieved world premier status in basic research. During the last decade, these universities have been under pressure to contribute to the Nation's economic development. In particular, they have been asked to translate the results of new scientific advances into technologies that provide economic benefit. This project is intended to examine the degree to which universities are making the shift in their research orientation and to identify the structural and environmental factors that are associated with, and affect, the accompanying cultural change. If a basic shift in the university research climate is in progress, it will have some important implications for the nation's technology transfer strategy. Such a shift implies that research universities may be better poised than is generally assumed to play a larger role in the development and deployment of technological innovations. Equally important, the results of this study will add a new dimension of knowledge in a search for the ever evolving role of research universities in contemporary American society. To test this cultural change and related hypotheses, the proposer intends to: (1) survey a variety of respondents, including department chairs and members of their departments, research center and institute directors, vice presidents for research, and intel lectual property managers; and (2) conduct field interviews to develop case studies of five institutions that emerge from the survey phase as having shifted their research orientation notably more or notably less than others in the survey. Fourteen independent variables will be studied, including regional differences, land grant status, academic disciplines, and amount of state research support.