The Organic Matrix Associated with Calcium Oxalate Formation in Vitis labrusca

草酸钙的形成是植物生物矿化的主要形式。高等植物中草酸钙晶体的形成具有物种特异性的解剖和发育模式，表明其形成受生物控制。晶体通常在液泡内与有机基质结合形成，有机基质在晶体形成之前积累，并提供细胞对结晶过程的控制。这项研究的长期目标是了解是什么诱导特定的细胞形成晶体，以及有机基质如何控制晶体的发育。由于有机基质的表达是晶体形成和分化的关键事件，因此建议的工作室将重点放在与葡萄叶片晶体形成相关的有机基质上。特别地，研究的目的是表征膜外壳中的蛋白质，包围着发育中的晶体。这些膜罩在晶体形成之前形成，并在发育过程中与晶体直接接触。在拟议的研究中，多克隆抗体将用于兔的膜包膜蛋白。本研究的具体目标是：1)鉴定和表征膜包膜中的免疫反应蛋白，2)确定这些蛋白和膜包膜的抗体的特异性。针对膜蛋白产生的抗体用于分离单个蛋白质成分。分离的蛋白质将进行氨基末端测序，并与数据库中已有的其他蛋白质序列进行比较。蛋白质的特异性将通过免疫印迹粗蛋白提取物和溶解膜包膜蛋白以及免疫电子显微镜进行检查。生物矿化是植物和动物体内的一个重要过程。目前，人们对植物中晶体是如何形成的以及它们的生长过程知之甚少。拟开展的研究主要涉及植物生长发育过程中细胞分化和钙调节的基本问题。它在这一领域之外也具有广泛的相关性，并将提供有关植物和其他生物生物矿化机制的信息。＊＊＊

9317366 Webbab Calcium oxalate formation is the predominant form of biomineralization in plants. Crystals of calcium oxalate form in higher plants in species-specific anatomical and developmental patterns, indicating that their formation is biologically controlled. Crystals generally form within the vacuole in association with an organic matrix, which accumulates prior to crystal formation and provides cellular control over the crystallization process. The long term goals of the proposed research are to understand what induces particular cells to form crystals, and how the organic matrix controls the crystal development. Because expression of the organic matrix is a key event in crystal initiation and differentiation, the proposed studios focus on the organic matrix associated with crystal formation in Vitis labrusca leaves. In particular, research is aimed in characterizing proteins in membrane enclosures which surround developing crystals. These membrane enclosures form prior to crystal initiation, and are in direct contact with the crystal s during development. In the proposed research polyclonal antibodies will be used that were developed against membrane envelope proteins in rabbits. The specific objectives of the research are: 1) to identify and characterize immunoreactive proteins in the membrane enclosures, and 2) to determine the specificity of antibodies for these proteins and for the membrane envelopes. Antibodies produced against the membrane proteins are used to isolate the individual protein components. The isolated proteins will be subjected to amino-terminal sequencing and their sequence compared with other protein sequences already present in data banks. The specificity of the proteins will be examined by immunoblotting crude protein extracts and solubilized membrane envelope proteins, as well as by immunoelectonmicroscopy. %%% Biomineralization is an important process both in plants and animals. Presently little is known of ho w crystals are initiated in plants, and about their growth. The proposed research deals primarily with fundamental problems of cell differentiation and calcium regulation in plant growth and development. It has also broad relevance outside this area as wll, and will provide information about the mechanisms of biomineralization in plants and other organisms. ***