Doctoral Dissertation Research: Historical, Social and Cultural Roots of Experimnetal Surgery, 1960-1993

9320173克拉克莫妮卡·卡斯珀女士在阿黛尔·克拉克博士的指导下，正在研究实验性胎儿手术的历史产生。早在1960年，在几次成功的非手术胎儿治疗之后，胎儿手术就被考虑了。20世纪60年代，新西兰和波多黎各的S利用外科手术治疗Rh血型不合的胎儿的研究，为随后的实验和临床实践铺平了道路。胎儿外科在20世纪80年代初经历了复兴，当时加州大学旧金山分校的外科医生S开始对子宫内的胎儿进行外科手术。关于实验性胎儿手术的历史或社会研究很少。卡斯珀正在研究这种做法的历史、社会和文化根源，首先是20世纪60年代S的生物医学研究。她正在回答三组相关的问题。首先，基础生理学研究、技术发展和临床领域实验胎儿外科的出现之间存在着什么关系，这些关系是如何在历史上形成的？第二，在当代科学和生物医学实践中，人类和非人类胎儿是如何概念化、使用和物质处理的？第三，当代实验性胎儿外科实践的社会、文化和制度层面是什么？根据这笔赠款，卡斯珀女士正在新西兰和波多黎各进行档案研究和采访，重点是1960年的《S》的实验工作。

9320173 Clarke Ms. Monica Casper, under the direction of Dr. Adele Clarke, is investigating the historical emergence of experimental fetal surgery. Fetal surgery was considered as early as 1960 following several successful non-surgical fetal treatments. Research in the 1960's in New Zealand and Puerto Rico, in which surgical procedures were used to treat fetuses for Rh incompatibility, paved the way for subsequent experimental and clinical practices. Fetal surgery experienced a renaissance in the early 1980's when surgeons at the University of California, San Francisco, began surgically operating on fetuses in utero. There has been very little historical or social research on experimental fetal surgery. Ms. Casper is examining the historical, social and cultural roots of this practice, beginning with biomedical research in the 1960's. She is addressing three related sets of questions. First, what relationships have existed among basic physiological research, technological developments, and the emergence of experimental fetal surgery in the clinical domain, and how have these been shaped historically? Second, how are human and non-human fetuses conceptualized, used, and treated materially in contemporary scientific and biomedical practices? Third, what are the social, cultural, and institutional dimensions of contemporary experimental fetal surgery practices? Under this grant, Ms. Casper is undertaking archival research and interviews in New Zealand and Puerto Rico focused on the experimental work of the 1960's. ***