Collaborative Research in Decision, Risk, and Management Science: Understanding Gender Inequality: The Relative Influence of Institutional Power and Gender Consciousness

决策、风险和管理科学领域的合作研究：理解性别不平等：制度权力和性别意识的相对影响

• 批准号: 9321126
• 负责人: Randy Simmons
• 金额: $ 3.96万
• 依托单位: Utah State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-08-01 至 1997-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9321126&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Decision; Risk; Management

Game theorists and some feminist scholars would predict that individuals with asymmetric access to institutional power (such as an exit opportunity) should claim more resources than those without such access--regardless of the sex of the individual. Other feminist scholars, in contrast, emphasize the ways in which socialization and other mechanisms can produce gender-role internalization such that men and women of equal power behave differently. Based on this latter research, we would predict interactions between sex and institutional power. To sort out these different arguments, this research pilot tests an experimental study of two-person prisoners' dilemma (PD) games in which an asymmetric exit opportunity is crossed with sex-of-subject. In some conditions, only men will have the exit opportunity while in others only women will have the exit opportunity. (Same-sex conditions are also explored.) The sex of an individual's body, however, does not necessarily match the "sex" of his or her psyche. Thus, in order to understand individual differences among women (and among men) the research explores correlation between behavior and measures of gender-role internalization (i.e., the "sex" of one's psyche) and "gender" consciousness," (i.e., beliefs about proper gender roles). The results of the longer term research program may have important implications for the broader policy question of how to lessen gender inequality. Can gender inequality be corrected by changing the balance of institutional power (in this case access to an exit option)? Or, are changes in the socialization process also necessary before equal outcomes can be expected?

博弈论者和一些女权主义学者会预测，不对称地获得制度权力(例如退出机会)的个人应该比那些没有这种机会的人要求更多的资源--无论个人的性别。相比之下，其他女权主义学者强调社会化和其他机制可以产生性别角色内部化的方式，从而使拥有同等权力的男性和女性的行为有所不同。在后一项研究的基础上，我们将预测性别和制度权力之间的互动。为了理清这些不同的论点，这项研究试点测试了一项关于两人囚犯困境(PD)游戏的实验研究，在PD游戏中，不对称的退出机会与主体的性别交叉。在某些情况下，只有男性才有退出机会，而在另一些情况下，只有女性才有退出机会。(还探讨了同性条件。)然而，一个人身体的性别并不一定与他或她的精神的“性别”相匹配。因此，为了了解女性(和男性)之间的个体差异，这项研究探索了行为与性别角色内化(即一个人心理的“性别”)和“性别”意识(即对适当性别角色的信念)措施之间的相关性。长期研究计划的结果可能会对如何减少性别不平等这一更广泛的政策问题产生重要影响。性别不平等能否通过改变机构权力平衡(在这种情况下，获得退出选项)来纠正？或者，在期望平等的结果之前，社会化过程中的变化也是必要的吗？